What is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Procedure?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive surgery used to remove large kidney stones. It’s done through a small incision in the back, where a tube is inserted to access the kidney.
PCNL has become a preferred choice for treating kidney stones that are too large to pass naturally, or that don’t respond well to non-invasive treatments. Patients who undergo PCNL experience significant improvement in the quality of life - reducing symptoms like pain, frequent urinary tract infections, and potential kidney damage caused by untreated stones.
What are the Indications for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgery?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is typically recommended when either the stone size is too large to be naturally flushed out of the body, or certain conditions make other treatment options less effective or feasible. Here are a few situations when PCNL may be required:
- Large kidney stones: When stones exceed 2 cm in diameter, they are often too large to pass naturally.
- Stones in complex locations: Stones located in difficult-to-reach areas of the kidney, such as the lower pole.
- Multiple stones causing obstruction: When there are multiple stones in the kidneys, making other treatments challenging.
- Failed non-invasive treatments: When other treatments like shockwave, lithotripsy or ureteroscopy have not worked.
How is a Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Procedure Performed?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy is a technique used during PCNL to fragment stones. Using advanced technology like a laser or ultrasound, the surgeon breaks the stones into small, manageable pieces that can be easily removed or flushed out.
PCNL is typically performed under general anesthesia, ensuring that the patient remains unconscious and pain-free throughout the surgery. The operation usually lasts between 1 to 3 hours, depending on the size, complexity of the condition, number of stones, and the surgical expertise of the surgeon.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Procedure Steps
- Preparation: The patient is first given anesthesia to ensure they remain unconscious and pain-free during the procedure. This may involve general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia, depending on the patient's condition.
- Accessing the Kidney: A small incision is made on the patient’s back, usually below the ribcage, through which a nephroscope (a small camera) is inserted to visualize the kidney and stones.
- Stone Removal: A variety of instruments are used to either break the stones into smaller pieces or remove them intact. One common method is Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), where a laser or ultrasound device is used to fragment the stones into smaller particles.
- Drainage: Once the stones are removed or broken down, a drainage tube is placed in the kidney to allow for fluid drainage, preventing any possible infection or fluid buildup.
- Closure: The incision is closed after the procedure, and the patient is closely monitored during the recovery phase.
Postoperative Care and Recovery After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)
After the PCNL procedure, the patient is moved to a recovery room where they are monitored for any signs of complications. The recovery process generally follows these key stages:
- Hospital Stay: Most patients will stay in the hospital for 1–2 days for observation. The drainage tube may be removed after 1–3 days.
- Pain Management: Some discomfort or mild pain is common after the procedure, but it can be managed with prescribed medications.
- Activity Restrictions: The patient is advised to limit physical activity for a few weeks to allow proper healing.
- Follow-up Visits: Regular follow-up appointments are essential to ensure proper recovery and monitor for any possible complications, such as infections or stone recurrence.
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What are the Benefits of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgery?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) offers several significant advantages for patients suffering from large or complex kidney stones. It is a minimally invasive alternative to traditional open surgery and provides a quicker recovery, less post-operative pain, and effective stone removal. Here’s a breakdown of the key benefits:
1. Minimally Invasive
Unlike traditional open surgery, which requires large incisions, PCNL only involves a small incision, usually less than 2 cm. This reduces the risk of infection, scarring, and post-operative complications.
2. Effective for Large or Complex Stones
PCNL is particularly effective for removing large stones (greater than 2 cm) or stones in difficult-to-reach areas of the kidney. It is the preferred treatment when shockwave lithotripsy or other non-invasive methods cannot effectively treat the stones.
3. Shorter Hospital Stay
Patients undergoing PCNL typically experience a shorter hospital stay compared to those who require traditional surgery. Most patients are able to leave the hospital in 1–2 days, which reduces healthcare costs and allows for a faster return to daily activities.
4. Faster Recovery Time
Because the procedure is minimally invasive, recovery time is generally much faster than with open surgery. Most patients are able to return to normal activities within 1–2 weeks, while open surgery might take several weeks for full recovery.
5. Lower Risk of Complications
With modern technology and improved surgical techniques, PCNL has a relatively low risk of complications. Infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding organs are less common compared to traditional surgery.
6. Minimal Postoperative Pain
Because the incision is small, patients typically experience less pain after the procedure. Pain management is easier, and most patients can manage discomfort with oral medications, instead of requiring stronger painkillers.
7. Preservation of Kidney Function
PCNL helps preserve kidney function by removing stones without needing to remove kidney tissue. This is especially important for patients with pre-existing kidney disease, as it minimizes further damage to the kidney.
8. Reduced Need for Multiple Treatments
PCNL can treat larger stones in a single procedure, which reduces the need for multiple treatments. It is also more effective than some other methods that may require several attempts to break up stones.
9. Lower Risk of Stone Recurrence
By thoroughly removing stones, PCNL reduces the chance of stone recurrence compared to non-invasive methods, such as shockwave lithotripsy, which may leave fragments behind.
10. Cosmetic Benefits
Since the incision is very small, the cosmetic outcome is much better. There is less visible scarring, and recovery involves minimal disruption to the skin and surrounding tissues.
Difference Between Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) And Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL)
While Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) are terms often used together, there is a distinct difference between the two. Let’s explore the definitions of both procedures and then compare them based on different factors.
What is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a comprehensive surgical procedure used to remove large kidney stones. During the PCNL procedure, the surgeon makes a small incision in the back, inserts a tube (nephroscope) into the kidney, and removes or breaks up the stones using various instruments. The goal is to remove large, complex stones that cannot be treated with other methods like shockwave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy.
What is Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL)?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL), on the other hand, refers specifically to the technique of stone fragmentation during the PCNL procedure. It is a method used to break large stones into smaller fragments using energy sources such as a laser, ultrasound, or pneumatic device. This technique is used when the stones are too large to be removed intact and need to be broken into smaller pieces for easier removal.
Comparison of PCNL vs. Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy
Parameter | Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy | Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy |
Definition | A surgery to remove kidney stones via a small incision | A technique used to fragment large stones |
Technology | Uses a nephroscope and specialized instruments for removal | Uses laser or ultrasound to break up stones |
Procedure Focus | Removal of kidney stones through an incision | Fragmenting stones into smaller pieces |
Duration of Surgery | 1–3 hours | Typically, part of the overall PCNL process |
Post-Procedure Recovery | Short hospital stay and faster recovery | Recovery is generally the same as PCNL |
Get precise diagnosis and advanced PCNL treatment for effective stone removal
Choose Artemis Hospitals For Advanced Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Surgery in Gurgaon
Artemis Hospital is recognized as a leading urology hospital in Gurgaon, offering expert care, cutting-edge technology, and a patient-centered approach for comprehensive urological treatments. The hospital’s multidisciplinary team of urologists, nephrologists, and uro-oncologists ensures accurate diagnosis and effective treatment for a wide range of urological conditions.
Experienced Urologists for Comprehensive Care
- Highly skilled urologists and uro-oncologists with expertise in treating complex urological disorders.
- Specialized paediatric urology services for congenital urinary tract conditions in children.
- Multidisciplinary team approach, integrating nephrology, andrology, and oncology expertise.
Cutting-Edge Technology for Precision Treatment
- Robotic-assisted and laparoscopic urology surgeries ensure faster recovery and minimal discomfort.
- High-tech kidney stone management, including laser lithotripsy and shockwave therapy.
- State-of-the-art diagnostic imaging for early detection of urological diseases.
Patient-Focused, Holistic Urology Care
- Personalized treatment plans designed for each patient’s unique needs.
- Comprehensive pre- and post-treatment support, ensuring a smooth recovery process.
- Patient education and lifestyle management to improve long-term urological health.
With a commitment to clinical excellence, technological innovation, and compassionate patient care, Artemis Hospital remains a top choice for advanced urology treatments in Gurgaon.
Specialised Urology Treatments at Artemis Hospitals
Artemis Hospital offers comprehensive and advanced treatments for a wide range of urological conditions, ensuring precise and effective care. The hospital specializes in minimally invasive procedures, robotic-assisted surgeries, and personalized treatment plans for both men and women.
Advanced Kidney Stone Treatment
- Laser Lithotripsy: Breaks kidney stones using laser energy without surgery.
- Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Non-invasive treatment using shockwaves to dissolve stones.
- Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A minimally invasive surgical technique for large kidney stones.
Prostate Care & Surgery
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment: Medication, laser therapy, or minimally invasive procedures for prostate enlargement.
- Prostate Cancer Surgery: Robotic-assisted and laparoscopic prostatectomy for effective cancer removal.
Minimally Invasive Urological Surgeries
- Laparoscopic Ureteric & Bladder Surgeries: Advanced techniques for faster recovery and minimal scarring.
- Endoscopic Procedures: Non-surgical interventions for urinary tract disorders.
- Reconstructive Urology: Surgical correction of congenital and acquired urinary tract abnormalities.
Urinary Tract & Bladder Disorder Management
- Urinary Incontinence Treatment: Non-surgical therapies, medications, and surgical solutions for bladder control issues.
- Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Expert evaluation and treatment to prevent chronic infections.
Male Sexual Health & Fertility Treatments
- Erectile Dysfunction Treatment: Medication, hormone therapy, and advanced surgical options.
- Male Infertility Solutions: Specialized diagnostics and assisted reproductive techniques.
Urological Cancer Surgery
- Bladder Cancer Surgery: Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted procedures for tumor removal.
- Kidney Cancer Treatment: Partial or complete nephrectomy using advanced laparoscopic techniques.
With a focus on precision, minimally invasive techniques, and comprehensive patient care, Artemis Hospital provides best-in-class urological treatment for effective and lasting results.
Book an Appointment With Top Urologists At Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram for Advanced PCNL Surgery in Gurgaon:
To consult a specialist urologist at Artemis Hospital, call +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp +91 9800-400-498 You can also schedule an appointment through the online patient portal or download the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android.
Reviewed By Dr. Varun Mittal
Head - Kidney Transplant & Associate Chief - Uro-Oncology & Robotic Surgery (Unit I)
Artemis Hospitals
