What is Acoustic Neuroma?
Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a benign, slow-growing tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII), the critical nerve linking the inner ear to the brain. This nerve is responsible for transmitting both sound signals and balance information. When a tumor forms on it, it can disrupt these vital functions, leading to noticeable symptoms over time.
Although acoustic neuromas are non-cancerous and rarely spread to other parts of the body, they can still cause significant health problems if left unmanaged. As the tumor enlarges, it can compress the auditory and balance nerves, leading to progressive hearing loss, unsteadiness, and tinnitus (ringing in the ear). In larger tumors, pressure can also build on adjacent structures, such as the facial nerve—potentially causing facial numbness or weakness—and the brainstem, which may result in serious neurological complications.
What are the Symptoms of Acoustic Neuroma?
Acoustic neuroma symptoms often appear gradually and may vary depending on tumor size and location. Common symptoms include:
Hearing loss: Usually one-sided (asymmetric), affecting either the left or right vestibular schwannoma
Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing in the ear
Imbalance or unsteadiness: Especially in low-light situations
Vertigo: A spinning sensation
Fullness in the ear
Facial numbness or tingling: In larger tumors
Difficulty with coordination or walking (in rare, large tumors)
If you notice persistent hearing changes on one side, don’t ignore it—it could be an early sign of acoustic neuroma.
What Causes Acoustic Neuroma?
The exact cause of acoustic neuroma often remains a mystery, leaving many cases unexplained.
Researchers believe that a mix of genetic and environmental factors might play a role.
While most cases occur randomly, a small portion is linked to certain inherited conditions.
Genetic mutation: Most cases are sporadic, but some result from a mutation in the NF2 gene.
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): A rare inherited disorder causing tumors on multiple nerves, often on both auditory nerves.
Radiation exposure: Prior radiation to the head or neck area.
Family history: Though rare, a family history of vestibular schwannoma may increase risk.
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What are the Different Types of Acoustic Neuroma?
Type | Description | Key Features |
Unilateral Acoustic Neuroma | Affects only one ear; the most common form. | - Accounts for ~95% of cases. - Usually sporadic (not inherited). - Symptoms like hearing loss and imbalance on one side. |
Bilateral Acoustic Neuroma | Tumors occur on both auditory nerves, usually due to genetic conditions. | - Strongly associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). - Rare and inherited. - Hearing loss and balance problems in both ears. |
Intracanalicular Acoustic Neuroma | Tumor confined within the internal auditory canal. | - Early-stage tumor. - Symptoms mainly include hearing loss and tinnitus. - Often detected via MRI during early investigations. |
Extracanalicular Acoustic Neuroma | Tumor extends beyond the auditory canal into the brain area (cerebellopontine angle). | - Larger tumors. - May press on facial nerve or brainstem. - More severe symptoms like facial numbness or difficulty walking. |
When Should I Consult the Doctor for Acoustic Neuroma?
Early consultation is crucial for preserving both hearing and balance when dealing with an acoustic neuroma. Since this tumor often grows slowly and symptoms may be subtle at first, recognizing the early warning signs can make a significant difference in outcomes.
You should seek medical attention if you experience:
Persistent or one-sided hearing loss: A gradual or sudden decline in hearing, especially if it affects only one ear, is often the earliest sign.
Ringing in one ear (tinnitus): A constant or intermittent buzzing, ringing, or hissing sound without an external source can be a red flag.
Problems with balance or coordination: Feeling unsteady on your feet, especially in dark or uneven environments, may suggest nerve involvement.
A sensation of fullness in one ear: A blocked or "full" feeling in one ear without an obvious cause like infection should not be ignored.
Facial numbness or twitching: Pressure from a growing tumor on the nearby facial nerve can cause unusual sensations, weakness, or involuntary movements.
How is Acoustic Neuroma Diagnosed?
Diagnosing acoustic neuroma often starts with a careful assessment of hearing function, followed by detailed imaging studies to confirm the presence of a tumor and evaluate its size and location.
Audiometry (Hearing Test):
The first step is a hearing test to detect patterns of hearing loss. Audiometry checks how well you hear sounds and understand speech. One-sided sensorineural hearing loss (affecting the inner ear or nerve pathways) is a common early indicator of acoustic neuroma.
MRI with Contrast (Gadolinium-enhanced MRI):
If hearing tests suggest nerve involvement, an MRI scan with gadolinium contrast is usually the next step. This imaging technique is considered the gold standard for detecting acoustic neuromas, even when tumors are very small (less than 2 millimeters). The contrast agent enhances the tumor's visibility, making it easier to distinguish from surrounding tissues.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography):
In cases where MRI is not possible—such as for patients with certain types of metal implants or severe claustrophobia—a CT scan may be used. Although it is less sensitive than MRI, a CT scan can still detect larger tumors and assess the involvement of surrounding bone structures.
Acoustic Neuroma Radiology Insights:
Imaging studies not only confirm the diagnosis but also provide critical information about tumor size, exact location, and proximity to important structures like the facial nerve and brainstem. This information is vital for planning the best treatment approach, whether it’s observation, radiation therapy, or surgery.
What are the Treatment Methods for Acoustic Neuroma?
Treatment depends on tumor size, symptoms, patient age, and overall health. Options include:
Observation (Watchful Waiting)
Best for small, slow-growing tumors with minimal symptoms.
Regular MRI scans and audiograms are done every 6–12 months.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Gamma Knife/ CyberKnife)
Non-invasive, focused radiation to stop tumor growth.
Suitable for small to medium tumors.
Preserves hearing in some patients.
Microsurgical Removal (Acoustic Neuroma Operation)
Three main surgical approaches:
Surgical Approach | Description | Best Suited For |
Retrosigmoid (Suboccipital) Approach | Involves an incision behind the ear and removal of part of the skull to access the tumor. This approach allows surgeons to see the brainstem and cranial nerves directly. | - Tumors of various sizes. - Patients where hearing preservation is a goal. - Tumors located mainly in the cerebellopontine angle. |
Translabyrinthine Approach | Involves removing the bone of the inner ear (labyrinth) to access the tumor. Hearing in the affected ear is completely sacrificed. | - Larger tumors. - Patients who already have significant hearing loss. - Allows direct access with minimal brain retraction. |
Middle Fossa Approach | Involves approaching the tumor from above the ear by lifting the temporal lobe of the brain. It provides early access to tumors confined within the internal auditory canal. | - Small tumors. - Patients with good hearing, where hearing preservation is highly desired. - Tumors located mainly inside the internal auditory canal. |
Each method varies in terms of hearing preservation and recovery time.
Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Get advanced acoustic neuroma treatment in Gurgaon for precise treatment, improved outcomes, and expert neuro care.
Recovery Tips After Acoustic Neuroma Treatment
Recovery can vary based on the type of treatment received. Here are general tips:
How Can I Prevent Acoustic Neuroma?
Since most cases are not linked to lifestyle, direct prevention isn’t always possible. However, you can reduce risks and improve outcomes with:
Early hearing screening for unexplained symptoms
Regular checkups if you have a family history or NF2
Avoiding prolonged exposure to loud noise
Timely consultation with an ENT or neurologist
Early detection remains your best defense against complications.
Why Choose Artemis Hospital for Acoustic Neuroma Treatment In Gurgaon?
Expert team of neurologists and neurosurgeons specializing in Acoustic Neuroma treatment.
Advanced diagnostic tools like MRI and CT scans for precise diagnosis.
Comprehensive treatment options including surgery, radiation therapy, and observation.
Minimally invasive surgical techniques for faster recovery and better outcomes.
Patient-centered care with emotional support and clear communication.
State-of-the-art facilities ensuring the highest standard of medical care.
Post-treatment rehabilitation to aid recovery and restore balance and hearing.
To book an appointment with the top neurologists and neurosurgeons for Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma) treatment at Artemis Hospitals, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices. Our expert team, specializing in Acoustic Neuroma treatment, is dedicated to providing the highest quality care, tailored to your specific needs for effective diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.
Reviewed By Dr. Sanjeev Srivastava
Sr. Consultant - Neurosurgery
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
Is an acoustic neuroma a brain tumor?
Technically, yes—it grows near the brain, but it’s a benign tumor that arises from the hearing and balance nerve, not brain tissue.
Can acoustic neuroma go away on its own?
No, but some tumors grow very slowly and may not need immediate treatment. That’s why regular monitoring is important.
Will I lose hearing after surgery?
It depends on the tumor’s size and location. Smaller tumors may allow for hearing preservation, while larger ones carry a higher risk.
What’s the difference between left and right vestibular schwannoma?
Only the side of occurrence—left vestibular schwannoma affects the left auditory nerve, and right vestibular schwannoma affects the right. Symptoms are usually one-sided accordingly.
Is acoustic neuroma life-threatening?
Not usually, but large tumors can compress the brainstem and become dangerous if untreated.
How long does recovery take after acoustic neuroma surgery?
Initial recovery takes a few weeks, but full balance and hearing adjustments may take several months. Rehabilitation speeds up the process.
