Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in Gurgaon, India
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and damage. This disrupts communication between the brain and the rest of the body. MS is more common in young adults, particularly women, and affects over 1.8 million people worldwide.
What are the Different Types of Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis has several types, each with unique patterns of disease progression, symptom presentation, and treatment response. Determining the types of multiple sclerosis is essential for accurate diagnosis, and effective treatment. Here are the different types of MS:
Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
It is one of the most common types of multiple sclerosis which affects around 85% of people at diagnosis. RRMS is characterized by clearly defined attacks (relapses) of new or increasing neurological symptoms. These are followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remission), during which symptoms may disappear or become less severe.
Relapses can last days to weeks with low chances of remission, lasting months or even years without disease progression. The treatment aims to reduce relapses, slow progression, and manage symptoms. This type of MS is often the starting point and may later transition into a more progressive form.
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)
This is a progressive stage that follows RRMS in many cases. SPMS occurs when RRMS begins to progress more steadily, with or without relapses. Over time, people with SPMS experience a gradual worsening of symptoms and increased disability, even if they no longer have distinct relapses.
It often develops 10–20 years after an RRMS diagnosis and can continue whether or not relapses occur. The aim of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is to slow the progression and manage symptoms. Newer disease-modifying therapies are increasingly being approved to treat SPMS.
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS)
This type of MS is less common, contributing about 10–15% of cases. In PPMS, symptoms steadily worsen from the beginning without early relapses or remissions. Some patients may experience occasional plateaus or minor improvements, but the disease generally progresses continuously. Common symptoms include mobility issues, leg weakness, balance problems. PPMS is often more challenging to treat due to its steady nature.
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
It is the first neurological episode possibly caused by MS. CIS is a single episode of MS-like symptoms that lasts at least 24 hours and is caused by inflammation or demyelination in the CNS. While not all CIS cases develop into MS, if brain lesions are present on MRI, the risk of developing RRMS is higher.
Symptoms may vary depending on the area affected (e.g., vision loss, numbness) and may require early intervention if MRI shows lesions. Early treatment after a CIS event may reduce the likelihood of progression to MS.
What are the Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents differently from person to person, and its symptoms can vary depending on the location and extent of nerve damage within the central nervous system. Some people may experience mild, intermittent symptoms, while others face severe and progressive impairments. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis include:
A common early sign, numbness or tingling typically occurs in the face, arms, legs, or fingers. This sensation is caused by the disruption of nerve signals due to demyelination. It may feel like pins and needles and can vary in intensity.
MS often causes optic neuritis, an inflammation of the optic nerve, leading to blurred vision, double vision, pain during eye movement, or even temporary loss of vision. This symptom can be alarming and is usually one of the first signs prompting a multiple sclerosis diagnosis.
Muscle weakness, particularly in the legs and arms, can make movement difficult and affect coordination. It may be due to nerve damage or inactivity resulting from fatigue and mobility issues.
This refers to stiffness or involuntary muscle spasms, especially in the legs. It can range from mild tightness to painful, uncontrollable spasms and is often triggered by movement or certain positions.
Balance and Coordination Issues
Many patients experience dizziness or vertigo, along with unsteady gait and clumsiness. These problems arise from damage to the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination.
Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction
Up to 80% of individuals with MS experience bladder issues, such as urgency, frequency, or incontinence. Bowel issues, like constipation, are also common and result from slowed nerve signals to the digestive system.
MS can impact memory, attention span, problem-solving, and processing speed. Though typically mild, cognitive symptoms can be distressing and affect professional and personal life.
Pain in MS can be neuropathic (caused by nerve damage) or musculoskeletal (due to muscle weakness or poor posture). Examples include facial pain (trigeminal neuralgia), burning sensations, and back or joint pain.
Emotional and Mental Health Changes
Depression, anxiety, mood swings, and irritability are common and may be due to both the disease itself and the emotional burden of living with a chronic condition.
Men and women with MS may experience reduced libido, arousal difficulties, or erectile dysfunction, often linked to nerve damage and emotional health issues.
What Causes Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own central nervous system (CNS), specifically, the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers. This causes inflammation, disrupts nerve signals, and eventually leads to nerve damage. While the exact trigger for MS is not fully understood, researchers believe it results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Here are some risk factors which can contribute to the progression of multiple sclerosis:
MS is not directly inherited, but genetics do play a role in increasing one’s risk.
Individuals who have a close relative (like a parent or sibling) with MS are at a higher risk. However, the likelihood is still relatively low—only about 2% to 3% even with a first-degree relative.
Certain genes, particularly within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system, are associated with increased MS risk. The HLA-DRB1*15:01 gene variant is the most strongly linked.
Certain environmental conditions have been observed to influence the risk of developing MS:
MS is more common in countries farther from the equator, such as Canada, Northern Europe, and parts of the northern United States. This may be related to differences in sunlight exposure and vitamin D levels.
Lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased MS risk. Vitamin D is believed to help regulate the immune system, and a deficiency may impair its ability to distinguish between healthy and harmful cells.
Certain viral infections may act as triggers for MS in genetically susceptible individuals.
Almost all MS patients show evidence of past infection with EBV, the virus that causes mononucleosis. While EBV alone doesn't cause MS, it may initiate abnormal immune responses that lead to myelin damage.
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and varicella zoster virus have also been studied, though their roles remain less clear.
Immune System Malfunction
MS occurs when the immune system attacks myelin, mistaking it for a foreign invader. This autoimmune response results in inflammation and scar tissue (sclerosis) that interferes with nerve conduction.
These immune cells are hyperactive in MS and contribute to inflammation and myelin destruction.
Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown
In MS, this barrier that normally protects the CNS becomes leaky, allowing immune cells to enter and attack.
Tobacco smoking significantly increases the risk of developing MS and can accelerate disease progression in those already diagnosed. Smoking is believed to contribute to immune dysregulation and oxidative stress, which damage nerve tissue and myelin.
Being overweight, especially during adolescence, is linked to a higher risk of developing MS later in life. Obesity promotes chronic inflammation and may interfere with vitamin D metabolism, both of which are involved in MS pathogenesis.
MS affects women nearly three times more than men, suggesting hormonal influence. Fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause may impact immune system activity.
Other risk factors include low sun exposure especially during childhood and adolescence, insufficient sunlight may increase MS risk due to lower vitamin D synthesis. Additionally, gut microbiomes might play a role in immune regulation and MS susceptibility, but more studies are needed.
When Should I Consult the Doctor for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment?
Consult a neurologist if you experience unexplained neurological symptoms such as persistent numbness, vision problems, or muscle weakness. Early consultation is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
How is Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosed?
Diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) can be complex, as its symptoms can mimic those of other neurological conditions. There is no single test that definitively confirms MS. Instead, a combination of medical evaluations, neurological exams, and diagnostic tools is used to assess signs of nerve damage and rule out other potential causes.
Doctors rely on a combination of medical history, neurological evaluation, and a series of tests to identify signs of damage to the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The main objective is to detect evidence of MS-related lesions that occur in different parts of the CNS (space) and at different times (time), while ruling out other potential conditions.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI is the most important diagnostic tool used to evaluate multiple sclerosis. It produces high-resolution images of the brain and spinal cord using strong magnetic fields and radio waves. In MS, MRI scans typically reveal areas of demyelination (damage to the protective myelin sheath around nerves), often referred to as lesions or plaques. These lesions appear in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. To identify active inflammation, a contrast dye called gadolinium is sometimes injected during the scan.
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, is a procedure in which a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is withdrawn from the lower spine using a needle. The fluid is then analyzed in a lab for specific biomarkers. One of the most important findings in MS is the presence of oligoclonal bands, which are abnormal proteins produced by immune cells within the CNS.
These bands are found in the CSF of 85–95% of people with MS, but not in the blood, indicating an immune response specific to the CNS. A lumbar puncture is especially useful when MRI results are inconclusive or when more evidence is needed to confirm a diagnosis.
Evoked potential tests measure how quickly and accurately the brain responds to external stimuli, such as visual patterns or electrical impulses. The most commonly used in MS diagnosis is the Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) test, which monitors the brain's response to visual cues. Slower-than-normal response times can indicate demyelination along the optic nerve, even in cases where the patient may not yet notice vision problems. These tests are non-invasive, painless, and can help identify "silent" lesions, which cause no obvious symptoms but still reflect underlying nerve damage.
Although blood tests cannot confirm multiple sclerosis, they play a crucial role in ruling out other medical conditions that can mimic MS symptoms. These may include Lyme disease, lupus, syphilis, HIV, sarcoidosis, and vitamin B12 deficiency. By excluding these and other autoimmune or infectious diseases, physicians can narrow the diagnosis more confidently to MS. Blood tests may also be used to detect markers of inflammation or immune dysfunction that support the diagnosis process.
What are the Different Methods for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment focuses on slowing disease progression, managing symptoms, reducing relapse frequency, and improving the patient’s overall quality of life. While there is no cure for MS yet, advancements in medical science have made the condition significantly more manageable, especially with early diagnosis and intervention.
MS treatment plans are highly individualized and often include a combination of disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatments, lifestyle changes, and rehabilitation strategies. Below are the main methods of multiple sclerosis treatment:
Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)
Disease-modifying therapies are the cornerstone of long-term MS management. These medications work by altering the activity of the immune system to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease.
DMTs are available as injectables (e.g., interferon beta, glatiramer acetate), oral medications (e.g., fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide), and infusions (e.g., ocrelizumab, natalizumab). They reduce relapse rates, delay disability progression, and decrease the number of new lesions visible on MRI.
Primarily used in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and, in some cases, active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) or primary progressive MS (PPMS). It’s important for patients to work closely with their neurologist to choose the most appropriate DMT based on MS type, severity, lifestyle, and risk factors.
Treatment of MS Relapses (Acute Exacerbations)
During a relapse, also known as an exacerbation, patients may experience a sudden worsening of symptoms due to inflammation and new CNS lesions.
High-dose intravenous or oral steroids (e.g., methylprednisolone) are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery from acute flare-ups.
Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis)
Used in severe relapses that don’t respond to steroids, especially in cases of optic neuritis or motor deficits. This process removes antibodies from the blood that may be attacking the nervous system.
These treatments do not affect long-term disease progression but are effective in shortening the duration of relapses.
Managing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis is crucial to maintaining a good quality of life. Treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach personalized to the individual's symptoms like fatigue, spasticity, pain, bladder dysfunction, cognitive Issues, etc.
Physical and Occupational Therapy
Rehabilitation plays a significant role in MS treatment by helping patients regain or maintain physical function and independence. These therapies not only enhance mobility and self-care but also reduce complications like falls and muscle stiffness.
Doctors may recommend physical therapy to improve strength, balance, flexibility, and walking ability.
Helps adapt daily activities and environments for better function and comfort.
Speech and Swallow Therapy
For those with difficulties in communication or swallowing, especially in progressive forms of MS.
Lifestyle Modifications and Self-Care
Healthy living can support medical treatment and improve MS outcomes.
Anti-inflammatory diets (e.g., Mediterranean diet) may reduce symptom severity.
Regular, low-impact exercise improves energy, mood, and physical endurance.
Managing sleep disturbances helps combat fatigue.
Stress can worsen symptoms; practices like yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises are beneficial.
Lifestyle modifications are especially important in managing multiple sclerosis symptoms that are sensitive to fatigue, heat, or emotional stress.
Alternative and Complementary Therapies
Many MS patients explore complementary treatments such as acupuncture, massage therapy, vitamin D supplementation, mindfulness practices, etc. to support conventional therapies.
While some alternative treatments offer symptom relief, they are not the replacement for evidence-based medical treatments. Therefore, it is important to consult the doctor before you undergo any complementary therapy to ensure safety and avoid complications.
Emerging and Advanced Therapies
Research into multiple sclerosis treatment is rapidly evolving:
A promising but still experimental treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation aims to reset the immune system. It may be suitable for aggressive MS that hasn’t responded to conventional DMTs.
BTK Inhibitors and Remyelination Agents
These are under clinical trials and aim to target immune cells or promote the repair of damaged myelin. These cutting-edge treatments hold hope for improving long-term outcomes and potentially reversing some forms of disability.
Can I Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?
Currently, there is no known way to completely prevent multiple sclerosis (MS), as the exact cause of the disease remains unclear. MS is believed to result from a complex interaction of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and immune system dysfunction.
However, there are several modifiable risk factors that may lower the risk of developing MS or delay its onset. While these steps don’t guarantee prevention, they are smart lifestyle choices that can contribute to overall neurological health and potentially reduce your risk:
Maintain Adequate Vitamin D Levels
Low vitamin D levels have been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing MS. Sunlight exposure helps the body produce vitamin D, and those living in regions farther from the equator—where sunlight is limited—tend to have higher MS rates.
Spend moderate time in the sun, eat vitamin D-rich foods (like fatty fish, fortified dairy), and consider supplements if needed under medical supervision.
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for developing MS and can worsen the course of the disease in those already diagnosed. If you smoke, quitting now may significantly reduce your risk of MS and other autoimmune or neurological diseases.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Obesity, especially during adolescence, has been linked to an increased risk of MS. Excess body fat may contribute to chronic inflammation and disrupt immune system regulation. Adopt a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet and regular exercise routine to maintain a healthy body weight.
Get Checked For Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Exposure
Nearly all MS patients have a history of EBV infection, the virus that causes mononucleosis. While avoiding EBV entirely is difficult, ongoing research is exploring whether an EBV vaccine might eventually lower MS risk. Practice good hygiene to reduce the chance of viral infections and stay informed about future EBV vaccine developments.
Manage Stress and Mental Health
Chronic stress may trigger immune dysregulation and potentially influence MS risk or flare-ups. Engage in stress-reducing activities such as meditation, yoga, therapy, or hobbies that bring joy and relaxation.
Emerging research suggests a potential connection between gut bacteria and MS. A healthy microbiome may support immune balance. Eat a diverse, fiber-rich diet that supports gut health—fruits, vegetables, fermented foods, and whole grains.
Stay Informed and Monitor Your Health
If you have a family history of MS or have experienced multiple sclerosis symptoms such as unexplained numbness, vision problems, or fatigue, consult a neurologist early. Early detection and lifestyle adjustments can help mitigate risk and support early intervention.
Complications of Untreated Multiple Sclerosis
If left untreated, multiple sclerosis can lead to serious physical, cognitive, and emotional complications that worsen over time. Most common risks of untreated multiple sclerosis include:
Frequent and Severe Relapses
Untreated MS increases the number and intensity of relapses, each causing new nerve damage and worsening symptoms.
Faster Disability Progression
The disease may progress more rapidly, leading to permanent mobility loss and earlier dependence on walking aids or wheelchairs.
Memory, focus, and decision-making skills may decline, making everyday tasks and work more difficult.
Incontinence, urinary retention, and constipation become more common, increasing infection risks and impacting daily life.
Chronic Pain and Muscle Spasms
Untreated nerve damage can cause ongoing burning or stabbing pain, along with stiffness and spasms in the muscles.
Severe Fatigue and Weakness
Constant exhaustion and reduced muscle strength limit activity, leading to physical deconditioning and loss of independence.
Ongoing symptoms, uncertainty, and brain changes can trigger depression, mood swings, and anxiety disorders.
Falls and Physical Injuries
Poor balance and muscle control increase the risk of falls, fractures, and related complications.
Social and Work Challenges
Worsening symptoms can disrupt careers, social life, and family responsibilities, often leading to isolation or financial stress.
Choose Artemis Hospital for Effective Multiple Sclerosis Treatment in Gurgaon
Neurological disorders can significantly impact brain function, movement, and overall quality of life. Conditions such as stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and nerve disorders require specialised medical care to prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes.
Artemis Hospitals has a team of highly skilled neurologists and neurosurgeons, providing comprehensive care for a wide range of neurological conditions. Using advanced neuroimaging, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs, we ensure every patient receives world-class treatment and care, making us one of the best neurology hospitals in Gurgaon.
Renowned Neurologists & Neurosurgeons
The hospital has a team of highly experienced neurologists and neurosurgeons who specialise in treating complex brain, spine, and nerve disorders. Their expertise in minimally invasive and advanced neurosurgical techniques ensures precise and effective treatments.
Cutting-Edge Technology & Neurodiagnostics
Artemis Hospitals is equipped with the latest diagnostic and treatment technologies, including high-resolution MRI, CT scans, EEG, EMG, and advanced neuroimaging. These tools allow for early and accurate diagnosis, leading to more effective treatment outcomes.
Minimally Invasive & Robotic Neurosurgery
The hospital offers minimally invasive brain and spine surgeries, such as neuro-navigation-assisted procedures, endoscopic brain surgery, and robotic-assisted spinal surgery. These techniques result in faster recovery, reduced pain, and lower complication risks.
24/7 Stroke & Emergency Neurology Care
Artemis Hospitals provides round-the-clock stroke care, with rapid intervention for thrombectomy, clot-dissolving treatments, and neurocritical care support. The hospital’s dedicated stroke unit ensures immediate response and rehabilitation for stroke patients.
Multidisciplinary Approach & Rehabilitation Support
A team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, physiotherapists, speech therapists, and rehabilitation experts work together to provide comprehensive post-treatment care, ensuring maximum recovery and long-term neurological health.
With its state-of-the-art technology, expert specialists, and patient-focused care, Artemis Hospitals remains a leading neurology hospital in Gurgaon, delivering world-class neurological treatment and rehabilitation.
To book an appointment with the top neurologists for multiple sclerosis treatment at Artemis Hospitals, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Reviewed By Dr. Sumit Singh
Chief - Neurology
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
Is multiple sclerosis contagious?
No, MS is not contagious or infectious.
Can MS be cured?
There is currently no cure, but treatments can manage symptoms and slow progression.
Are there different types of multiple sclerosis?
Yes, including relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive, and progressive-relapsing MS.
How often should I see my neurologist for MS?
Regular follow-ups, typically every 3-6 months or as advised, are important for monitoring.
Does MS affect life expectancy?
Most people with MS have a near-normal life expectancy, especially with modern treatments.
Can women with MS have children?
Yes, but pregnancy planning and management should be discussed with a neurologist.
Are there any dietary restrictions for MS patients?
No specific diet is required, but a balanced, healthy diet is recommended.
Can stress worsen MS symptoms?
Stress may trigger or worsen symptoms, so stress management is important.
Is physical activity safe for MS patients?
Yes, regular exercise can help maintain strength and mobility, but should be tailored to individual abilities.
Who is the best neurologist near me for multiple sclerosis treatment?
Artemis Hospitals has some of the best neurologists in Gurgaon who offer advanced multiple sclerosis treatment with a high success rate. To know more, get in touch with us.
Which is the best hospital for multiple sclerosis treatment in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals offer advanced multiple sclerosis treatment in Gurgaon. To know more, contact us to book an appointment with some of the best neurologists in Gurgaon.
What factors affect the multiple sclerosis treatment cost in Gurgaon?
Multiple sclerosis treatment cost is influenced by factors like the type of surgery, hospital fees, surgeon's expertise, hospital bed, and diagnostic tests. To get a cost estimate, contact us to book an appointment with some of the best neurologists in Gurgaon.
Whom should I consult for multiple sclerosis treatment in Gurgaon?
Consult a neurologist or neurosurgeon specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders associated with the brain with an excellent track record and a high success rate.
