What is a Kidney Transplant?
A kidney transplant, also known as a renal transplant, is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a donor is placed into a patient whose kidneys are no longer functioning properly. This treatment is considered when the patient suffers from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney failure, where dialysis or kidney replacement therapy is no longer effective or sustainable.
Kidney transplant surgery is required when the kidneys lose over 85–90% of their function. In such cases, waste and fluids accumulate in the body, posing severe health risks. Kidney transplantation offers a more permanent and higher quality-of-life solution compared to dialysis.
Eligible candidates for a kidney transfer include patients with chronic kidney disease due to diabetes, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, or glomerulonephritis. However, the patients must undergo a series of medical evaluations, including assessments of heart, lung, and immune function, along with compatibility tests to ensure a kidney transplant is the most suitable method of treatment.
What are the Different Types of Kidney Transplants?
There are different types of kidney transplants based on the source of the donor organ. Each type is suited to specific medical and personal circumstances.
Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant
In this type of renal transplant surgery, the kidney is obtained from a person who has been declared brain-dead but has healthy organs. The cadaver kidney transplant is the most common form globally. The patient must be registered in the kidney transplant registry and the patient may have to wait on a list, depending on organ availability and compatibility.
Living Donor Kidney Transplant
A living donor kidney transplant involves receiving a kidney from a living person—often a blood relative or spouse. These transplants offer good outcomes as the organ is retrieved in a planned, controlled setting with a lesser waiting period.
Preemptive Kidney Transplant
A preemptive kidney transplant is performed before the patient starts dialysis. It can improve survival rates and quality of life by preventing complications associated with long-term dialysis. This option is ideal for patients who are diagnosed early and have a willing, compatible kidney transplant donor.
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How to Prepare for a Kidney Transplant?
Preparation for a kidney transplant is a critical phase that determines the success and safety of the procedure. The transplant team evaluates the patient’s overall health, lifestyle, and readiness for surgery. This process includes a series of diagnostic tests, medical consultations, and personal planning steps that help minimize kidney transplant risks and ensure a smooth journey through the kidney transplant procedure.
The patient undergoes a full medical workup, including blood tests, tissue typing, crossmatching, chest X-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, and imaging scans to assess organ function and donor compatibility. These tests also identify any hidden infections or cancers that could affect transplant outcomes.
Assessment of Current Medical Conditions:
Patients with conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease need close evaluation to determine transplant suitability. These conditions must be well-controlled before proceeding with kidney transplant surgery to avoid complications during or after the operation.
Review of Ongoing Medications:
A thorough review of all current medications is essential, as some drugs may interfere with the transplant or the immunosuppressants used afterwards. The transplant team adjusts or discontinues incompatible medications before the kidney transplant operation.
Discussion of Risks and Benefits:
The transplant team provides detailed counselling on the expected benefits of a renal transplant, potential complications, long-term lifestyle changes, and the need for lifelong medication. The patient must understand the trade-offs between dialysis and transplantation.
Allergy and Anesthesia Assessment:
Any known allergies, especially to medications, contrast dyes, or anesthesia must be revealed to the doctor before the operation. An anesthesiologist will assess the patient’s history to prevent adverse reactions during the kidney transplant surgery.
Patients are advised to stop smoking, manage diabetes and hypertension, and maintain a healthy weight to reduce kidney transplant risk.
Before transplant, the patient should receive vaccines against flu, pneumonia, hepatitis B, and other preventable illnesses. Live vaccines are avoided after the transplant due to immunosuppression.
Donor Compatibility (if applicable):
In case of a living donor kidney transplant, both the donor and recipient undergo medical, psychological, and compatibility assessments. Legal and ethical clearances are also obtained.
How is Kidney Transplant Surgery Performed?
Kidney transplant surgery is a complex but well-established procedure that generally takes 3 to 5 hours. The surgeries can be performed using different surgical techniques depending on the patient's condition, donor type, and medical preferences. While the procedure aims to successfully place a healthy kidney, the approach to surgery may vary, from traditional open methods to advanced minimally invasive like robotic-assisted procedures:
Open Kidney Transplant Surgery
- In an open kidney transplant, the patient is given general anesthesia before the procedure.
- Once the patient is asleep, the surgeon makes a curved incision in the lower abdomen, typically on the right or left side.
- The donor kidney is placed in the iliac fossa, and the blood vessels of the new kidney are connected to the patient’s iliac artery and vein.
- The ureter of the donor kidney is attached to the patient’s bladder, and the incision is closed using sutures or staples.
Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy (For Living Donor Transplants)
- Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is a minimally invasive procedure where the donor kidney is removed through small incisions.
- The donor is placed under general anesthesia, and 3 to 4 small incisions are made in the abdomen.
- Carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the abdomen for better visibility.
- A laparoscope with a camera is inserted, and specialized instruments are used to detach the kidney from surrounding structures.
- The kidney is then removed through a small incision.
Robotic-Assisted Kidney Transplant
- Robotic kidney transplant is a highly advanced technique that offers precision and minimal invasiveness.
- The patient is given general anesthesia, and a few small incisions are made in the abdomen.
- A robotic surgical system, controlled by the surgeon from a console, performs the transplant with enhanced accuracy.
- The donor kidney is inserted through a small incision, and rest of the operation is done with help of robotic arms including connection of the blood vessels and ureter under high-definition 3D visualization.
- This procedure reduces blood loss, post-operative pain, and speeds up recovery time.
- Robotic Transplant particularly provides advantage in Obese patients where there are high chances of larger incision and wound complications.
Preemptive Kidney Transplant Procedure
- A preemptive kidney transplant is performed before the patient begins dialysis.
- The surgical steps are the same as a standard open transplant, with the donor kidney implanted into the lower abdomen.
- Because the procedure is done before dialysis, it can improve survival rates and quality of life by preventing complications associated with long-term dialysis.
ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant
- This procedure allows a patient to receive a kidney from a donor with a different blood group.
- Before the transplant, the patient undergoes plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption to remove blood group antibodies.
- The surgery itself is similar to a standard transplant, with the kidney placed in the iliac fossa and vascular connections established.
- Post-surgery, additional immunosuppressive therapy is given to reduce the risk of antibody-mediated rejection.
A healthy kidney, either from a living or deceased donor, is implanted into the lower abdomen of the patient. Typically, the new kidney is placed in the right or left iliac fossa (lower abdomen) without removing the original kidneys unless they are infected or enlarged.
The surgeon connects the artery and vein of the donor kidney to the patient’s iliac vessels. The ureter from the donor kidney is then attached to the patient's bladder, allowing urine to pass normally. In a robotic kidney transplant, precision tools and robotic arms enhance surgical accuracy, particularly in minimally invasive procedures.
Unlike other transplants, the kidney transplant operation is relatively well-tolerated, and most new kidneys start functioning immediately, especially in living donor cases. The patient is closely monitored post-surgery to ensure there are no kidney transplant complications, such as rejection or infection.
What to Expect After the Kidney Transplant Surgery?
Recovery begins in the hospital and continues over weeks to months. As the effects of anesthesia wear off, there may be slight discomfort around the incision site, which usually subsides with medications and post-recovery management tips.
The patient is required to stay in the hospital for 7 to 9 days after the kidney transplant operation to assess for any complications and ensure a smooth recovery. Here is what patients may experience after the surgery:
After the transplant, the patient must take immunosuppressive medications to prevent organ rejection. These medicines are taken for life and must be managed carefully to avoid side effects. Additional medications may also be needed to manage infections, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
Monitoring Kidney Function
Regular blood tests are done to monitor how well the new kidney is working. Doctors assess creatinine levels, urine output, and other lab markers. Imaging tests may also be used to check for fluid buildup or structural issues around the transplanted kidney.
Dietary and Nutritional Guidance
The patient is advised to follow a kidney-friendly diet, limiting salt, phosphorus, and potassium as needed. Hydration is encouraged, but foods that increase infection risk, like raw meat or seafood, are avoided. A renal dietitian often tailors the plan to the patient’s health.
Physical Activity and Movement
Movement is encouraged soon after surgery to support circulation and reduce the risk of clots. Light walking may begin within a day or two. However, lifting heavy objects or doing strenuous activities should be avoided for at least six to eight weeks.
Proper care of the surgical site is crucial. The incision must be kept clean and dry to prevent infection. Patients are advised to watch for signs such as swelling, pus, or fever and report them immediately to their healthcare provider.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Emotional well-being is just as important as physical recovery. Patients often experience anxiety, mood changes, or fear of rejection. Psychological counselling and transplant support groups can provide coping strategies and help patients adapt to life after transplant.
The patient will have frequent follow-up visits to monitor the new kidney and adjust medications. These appointments start weekly, then taper off as the patient stabilises. Consistent follow-ups help catch complications early and improve long-term transplant success.
Risks and Complications of Kidney Transplant Surgery
Although the kidney transplant success rate has improved over the years, the procedure carries potential risks, including:
- Organ Rejection: Despite compatibility, the body may see the new kidney as foreign. Immunosuppressants reduce this risk but increase infection susceptibility.
- Infections: Due to suppressed immunity, patients are prone to infections post-surgery.
- Blood Clots and Bleeding: Rare but possible during or after surgery.
- Delayed Graft Function: Sometimes, the new kidney doesn’t start working immediately, requiring temporary dialysis.
- Recurrence of Kidney Disease: In some cases, the disease that caused the initial kidney failure may return in the transplanted kidney.
- Cancer Risk: Long-term use of anti-rejection drugs can slightly increase the risk of certain cancers.
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Recovery After Kidney Transplant Surgery
Kidney transplant recovery involves both physical healing and long-term lifestyle adjustments. Most patients return to normal life within 6 to 8 weeks, but full recovery may take longer. Here are some tips that can reduce complications and ensure a smooth recovery:
Mild to moderate pain around the surgical site is common after the kidney transplant operation. Pain is managed using prescribed medications. The discomfort typically subsides within a couple of weeks as healing progresses.
The surgical incision must be kept clean and dry to prevent infection. The patient may need to change dressings regularly or return to the hospital for wound checks. Signs like redness, swelling, or drainage should be reported immediately.
Physical Activity and Mobility
Walking is encouraged soon after surgery to promote circulation and prevent complications like blood clots. However, activities involving bending, lifting, or abdominal strain should be avoided for at least 6–8 weeks. Gradual increases in activity are recommended.
Medication and Lifestyle Adherence
Patients must strictly follow the medication schedule, especially immunosuppressants, to prevent rejection of the kidney implant. Do not miss doses. Patients are also encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle and ensure no smoking, limited salt intake, and regular hydration.
Most patients can return to work or school within 6 to 12 weeks, depending on their overall condition and the nature of their job. Heavy physical work should be avoided for longer. Patients can gradually resume driving, household chores, and social activities.
Life After a Kidney Transplant
Life after a kidney transplant often brings a significant improvement in overall health, energy levels, and independence from dialysis. Most patients experience better appetite, improved sleep, and a more active lifestyle. However, long-term success depends on strict adherence to medications, especially immunosuppressants, to prevent rejection. Regular follow-ups, lab tests, and monitoring are essential to ensure the new kidney continues to function well.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial. Patients are advised to eat a balanced diet, stay hydrated, avoid infections, and refrain from smoking. Many return to work or school within a few months and resume daily activities, including travel. With proper care, a living donor kidney can last 15–20 years or more, while a deceased donor kidney may function for 10–15 years. A successful transplant offers not just better health, but a renewed quality of life.
Undergo Advanced Kidney Transplant Surgery in Gurgaon at Artemis Hospitals
Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram, is renowned for its exceptional expertise in organ transplant procedures. With a steadfast commitment to saving lives, our specialized team of surgeons, doctors, and support staff is dedicated to providing the highest standard of care throughout the entire transplant journey.
Our state-of-the-art facilities and advanced medical technologies enable us to perform successful organ transplants with precision and optimal outcomes. Whether it's a kidney, liver, heart, or lung transplant, our experienced team ensures comprehensive evaluation, personalized treatment plans, and post-transplant care.
At Artemis Hospitals, we recognize the importance of organ donation in saving lives. We actively advocate for and support the noble cause of donating organs after death, empowering individuals to leave a lasting legacy and give the gift of life to those in need.
Choosing the right hospital for kidney transplantation is crucial for ensuring safe procedures, reduced complications, and long-term success. At Artemis Hospitals, the kidney transplant programme in Gurgaon is led by a team of highly experienced specialists supported by advanced medical infrastructure and patient-focused care.
Artemis Hospitals is home to some of the best kidney transplant specialists in Gurgaon, including renowned nephrologists, transplant surgeons, and critical care experts. With extensive experience in managing complex renal conditions, the team ensures personalised treatment plans and high transplant success rates.
Excellence and Technology
The hospital features a dedicated transplant unit equipped with modular operating theatres, advanced imaging systems, and state-of-the-art immunology labs. Every transplant is supported by precision-based diagnostics, surgical safety protocols, and critical care services to manage recovery efficiently.
Trust and Patient-Centered Approach
From thorough pre-transplant evaluation to continuous post-transplant monitoring, the care at Artemis is structured around the patient’s journey. The hospital offers comprehensive donor screening, counselling services, nutritional support, and regular follow-up clinics to ensure optimal graft function and overall well-being.
Book a Consultation With a Kidney Transplant Specialist Today
A kidney transplant can be a life-changing solution for individuals with advanced renal disease, but its success depends greatly on the expertise guiding each step. At Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon, patients receive compassionate, evidence-based care from some of the best kidney transplant doctors in India.
With cutting-edge facilities and a team committed to long-term outcomes, every transplant journey is managed with precision and empathy. To consult a kidney transplant expert at Artemis Hospitals, call +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp +91 9800400498. Appointments can also be booked through the online patient portal or the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android.
Reviewed By Dr. Varun Mittal
Head - Kidney Transplant & Associate Chief - Uro-Oncology & Robotic Surgery
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the kidney transplant requirements?
Patients must have end-stage kidney disease, be physically fit for surgery, and must not be diagnosed with any infections or cancer. They also need to pass compatibility and psychological evaluations.
Who needs a kidney transplant?
Patients with chronic kidney failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), especially those dependent on dialysis, may need a kidney transplant for long-term survival and better quality of life.
What is the best age for a kidney transplant?
Kidney transplants are mostly successful across all age group patients. Treating doctors decide with the right time to go ahead with kidney transplant surgery.
Who is eligible for a kidney transplant?
Eligibility includes advanced kidney failure, good overall health, absence of contraindications like active infections or cancer conditions, and a suitable donor match.
How do I register for a kidney transplant near me in Gurgaon?
You can register for a kidney transplant at Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon through our transplant coordination team, who will guide you through medical, legal, and registry procedures.
How many kidney transplants can a person have?
A person can undergo more than one kidney transplant if the previous graft fails, provided they meet current medical and surgical eligibility criteria.
What disqualifies you from getting a kidney transplant?
Certain factors, such as uncontrolled infections, active cancer, severe heart or lung disease, and non-compliance with treatment, can disqualify a patient from receiving a kidney transplant.
What is the waiting time for a kidney transplant near me in Gurgaon?
The waiting time varies based on donor availability, compatibility, and medical urgency. Living donor transplants often have shorter waiting periods.
How do I find a kidney donor?
You need to discuss with your family and find a suitable donor. In case of non-availability of appropriate donor you can register in Kidney transplant registry for deceased donor matching at Artemis hospital.
What tests are done before kidney transplant surgery near me in Gurgaon?
At Artemis Hospitals, patients undergo blood typing, cross-matching, HLA typing, imaging studies, heart evaluation, and screening for infections or other medical risks.
How long does kidney transplant surgery take?
Kidney transplant surgery usually takes 3 to 4 hours, depending on the patient's anatomy and whether it's a living or deceased donor transplant.
What is the success rate of kidney transplant surgery?
Kidney transplant success rates are high, with over 90% functioning well after one year for living donor transplants and about 85% for deceased donor transplants.
What is the difference between a living donor and a deceased donor transplant?
In a living donor transplant, a healthy person donates one kidney while alive. A deceased donor transplant uses a kidney from a brain-dead donor registered with an organ donation network.
Is it safe to live with one kidney after donation?
Yes, most kidney donors live healthy, normal lives with one kidney and face no major long-term health issues when properly evaluated and monitored.
Is a kidney transplant better than dialysis?
Yes, a kidney transplant typically offers a better quality of life, greater life expectancy, and fewer long-term complications compared to dialysis.
What happens if the transplanted kidney fails?
If the transplanted kidney fails, the patient may return to dialysis or be evaluated for a second transplant, depending on their health and the availability of a donor.
Are there foods that I should avoid after my kidney transplant?
Yes, avoid raw or undercooked foods, grapefruit, unpasteurized dairy, and excessive salt. For detailed information, you can schedule a consultation with our dietitians at Artemis Hospitals, who will guide you on a kidney-friendly diet.
How long can a person live with a kidney transplant?
With proper care, a kidney from a living donor can last 15–20 years or more, while a deceased donor kidney typically functions for 10–15 years.
What is the cost of a kidney transplant near me in Gurgaon?
The cost of a kidney transplant in Gurgaon varies based on donor type, pre- and post-surgical care, and hospital stay. Contact our team for a detailed estimate.
Is kidney transplant available for international patients near me in Gurgaon?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon offers advanced kidney transplant services for international patients, along with visa assistance, accommodation, and dedicated care coordinators.
What are the eligibility criteria for a kidney transplant in Gurgaon?
Eligibility criteria for a kidney transplant include confirmed end-stage renal disease, general health, absence of disqualifying conditions, and availability of a compatible kidney donor.
Which is the best hospital for a kidney transplant near me in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals is one of the best hospitals for kidney transplant in Gurgaon, offering advanced surgical techniques, expert transplant surgeons, and comprehensive post-transplant care.
How can I protect my new kidney after transplant?
It is important to take certain precautions and follow all the post-operative tips to ensure a smooth recovery. Doctors generally advise taking medications as prescribed, attending regular follow-ups, staying hydrated, avoiding infections, etc., to ensure your new kidney functions well.
When can I go back to work after my kidney transplant?
Most patients can return to work within 6 to 12 weeks, depending on their recovery, job type, and medical advice from the transplant team. However, in case the doctor suspects and chances of complications or abnormal signs, the duration to get back to work may be longer.
What post-transplant care is available near me in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, offers regular follow-ups, lab monitoring, medication management, dietary counselling, and support services for long-term post-transplant care. To know more, get in touch with us to schedule an appointment with some of the best kidney transplant specialists in India.
