What is HIPEC Surgery?
HIPEC Surgery, or Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, is an advanced treatment for abdominal cancers that involves a two-step procedure. The surgeon removes as much visible cancer as possible, and then the abdomen is flooded with heated chemotherapy drugs to target any remaining cancer cells.
This technique has shown remarkable effectiveness, especially for cancers that have spread within the abdominal cavity. HIPEC surgery is commonly used for cancers such as colon cancer, appendix cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer, among others.
Who is an Ideal Candidate for HIPEC Surgery?
HIPEC surgery is usually recommended for patients with localized cancer confined to the abdominal cavity that has not spread to other distant organs. Common candidates include individuals with advanced-stage cancer that have not responded to standard treatments like traditional chemotherapy but can be targeted through direct chemotherapy within the abdomen.
A careful assessment by an oncological surgeon is needed to determine whether a patient is fit for this surgery, considering factors such as cancer type, stage, and general health.
What Types of Cancer Does HIPEC Surgery Treat?
HIPEC surgery is primarily used to treat cancers that have spread to the peritoneal cavity (the lining of the abdomen). It’s most effective for cancers that are confined to the abdominal region and have not metastasized to distant organs. Here’s an overview of the key types of cancer treated with HIPEC surgery:
Adrenal cancer, often referred to as adrenocortical carcinoma, can spread to the peritoneal cavity. When the cancer is localized and not spread to distant organs, HIPEC surgery can help eliminate remaining cancer cells after surgical removal. The procedure targets residual cancer cells, improving survival chances when combined with cytoreductive surgery.
Appendix cancer is rare but can be aggressive, often diagnosed at an advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. HIPEC surgery has shown remarkable effectiveness, particularly in cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei, a condition where mucinous tumors spread throughout the abdomen. It helps control the spread of mucinous tumors and reduces recurrence rates.
Advanced colon and rectal cancer that has spread within the peritoneal cavity is often treated with HIPEC. After surgical debulking (removal of visible tumors), HIPEC delivers heated chemotherapy directly to affected areas. It significantly improves survival rates in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer.
Gastric cancer (stomach cancer) can spread to the peritoneal cavity, especially in advanced stages. HIPEC is considered for patients who have undergone surgery to remove tumors and are at risk of recurrence.It helps eradicate microscopic cancer cells left behind, improving long-term outcomes.
While liver cancer typically spreads through the bloodstream, advanced cases can affect the peritoneal cavity. HIPEC can be part of a multimodal approach when liver cancer has peritoneal metastasis, especially after liver resection or transplant. It is effective for controlling abdominal spread when combined with other therapies.
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer caused by asbestos exposure, often affecting the peritoneum (peritoneal mesothelioma). HIPEC has shown promising results, especially when combined with cytoreductive surgery. The procedure reduces tumor burden and improves survival in patients with peritoneal mesothelioma.
Ovarian cancer frequently spreads to the peritoneal cavity. HIPEC is often used in advanced stages following cytoreductive surgery to remove visible tumors. This combination has improved survival rates in many patients. The Procedure targets microscopic cancer cells not removed during surgery, decreasing the chance of recurrence.
Although less common, pancreatic cancer can metastasize to the peritoneal cavity. HIPEC may be an option for select patients, especially those with peritoneal spread after surgical resection. It provides an additional therapeutic layer to control peritoneal dissemination.
Peritoneal cancer refers to cancers originating in or spreading to the peritoneal lining. HIPEC is often the primary treatment when cancer is confined to the peritoneum, offering hope for patients with otherwise limited treatment options. The procedure is the most effective treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis when combined with cytoreductive surgery.
When to Consult a Doctor for the HIPEC Procedure?
Consult a doctor for HIPEC surgery is crucial if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with abdominal cancer that has spread to the peritoneum. Your oncologist will review medical scans, biopsy results, and overall health before recommending HIPEC surgery. If your cancer is causing significant symptoms, such as abdominal pain or bloating, and has not responded well to traditional treatments, HIPEC surgery in India may be considered as an advanced option.
How to Prepare for HIPEC Surgery?
Preparing for HIPEC surgery involves the following steps:
A series of tests, including CT scans, blood work, and a thorough physical examination, will be done.
Nutrition plays a critical role in recovery. Nutritional assessments and potential dietary changes may be required.
Stopping certain medications
Patients may need to stop blood thinners or certain medications prior to the surgery.
Patients will be instructed to fast for a certain period before the surgery.
How is the HIPEC Procedure Performed?
The HIPEC procedure is performed in two main steps. The entire procedure typically takes 6 to 12 hours, depending on the complexity of the surgery:
A large incision is made in the abdomen, usually in the midline, to provide access to the peritoneal cavity. The surgeon carefully removes as much visible cancer as possible, including affected parts of the peritoneum, organs, and tissues. The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) is used to assess the extent of cancer spread. The goal is to achieve complete cytoreduction (CC-0 or CC-1), meaning no visible cancer remains.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
After the surgical debulking, a heated chemotherapy solution is circulated throughout the abdomen. The temperature of the chemotherapy is raised to around 41-43°C (106-109°F), and it is maintained for about 60 to 90 minutes to enhance the cancer-killing effect. This allows the chemotherapy to penetrate deeply and kill any remaining cancer cells.
What to Expect After HIPEC Surgery?
Following HIPEC surgery, patients will be monitored in an intensive care unit (ICU) for the first few days. This is to ensure proper management of any complications and to monitor recovery. Patients may experience:
Pain is typically managed with medications.
Due to the chemotherapy, some nausea and vomiting are common.
Recovery after HIPEC surgery can take time, and fatigue is a typical side effect.
Temporary dietary restrictions
A nutrition plan will be developed to ensure proper healing.
What Are the Benefits of HIPEC Surgery?
Direct targeting of cancer cells
HIPEC delivers chemotherapy directly to the cancer cells within the abdomen, enhancing its effectiveness.
Studies have shown higher survival rates for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis after HIPEC surgery.
Fewer systemic side effects
Since the chemotherapy is delivered locally, patients may experience fewer side effects compared to standard chemotherapy.
Increased likelihood of remission
For cancers confined to the peritoneum, HIPEC may offer better chances of remission and long-term survival.
What Are the Risks or Complications of HIPEC Surgery?
Like any major surgery, HIPEC has risks and potential complications, including:
Infection: Infections may occur in the surgical site or internally.
Organ damage: There is a risk of damage to organs such as the liver, intestines, or kidneys.
Blood clots: Post-surgical blood clots can form, leading to complications.
Bowel obstruction: Scar tissue may lead to bowel obstructions after surgery.
Chemotherapy-related side effects: These include nausea, vomiting, and temporary immune suppression.
Recovery Tips After HIPEC Surgery:
Recovery after HIPEC surgery requires time, patience, and proper care:
Follow-up visits: Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor recovery and detect any complications early.
Physical activity: Gentle movements and light walking can help promote recovery, but strenuous activities should be avoided in the early stages.
Dietary changes: A balanced diet with adequate protein intake will help promote healing.
Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and assist in the recovery process.
Why Choose Artemis Hospital for HIPEC Surgery?
Artemis Hospital in Gurgaon, India, is one of the leading hospitals offering advanced treatments like HIPEC surgery. With a dedicated team of experienced oncologists, surgeons, and support staff, Artemis provides state-of-the-art facilities and comprehensive cancer care. The hospital’s expertise in HIPEC surgery for colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and other abdominal cancers ensures a high level of care and success.
To book an appointment with the top medical experts at Artemis Hospitals for HIPEC surgery, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is the full form of HIPEC?
HIPEC stands for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.
Is HIPEC surgery painful?
Patients may experience discomfort during recovery, but pain management techniques are used to alleviate it.
What is the survival rate for HIPEC surgery?
The survival rate varies depending on the type and stage of cancer, but HIPEC has shown significant improvements in survival rates, especially for peritoneal carcinomatosis.
How long does HIPEC surgery take?
HIPEC surgery typically lasts between 6 to 12 hours, depending on the complexity of the condition, the surgical expertise of the doctor, and the medical health of the patient.
How does HIPEC improve survival rates?
HIPEC improves survival by delivering high-dose chemotherapy directly to the peritoneal cavity, killing cancer cells more effectively.
What are the advantages of HIPEC over standard chemotherapy?
HIPEC targets cancer cells more directly, reducing systemic side effects and improving chemotherapy effectiveness in the abdominal cavity.
How soon can patients return to normal activities after HIPEC?
Most patients take around 2-3 months to return to normal activities, although full recovery may take up to 6 months.
Are there long-term complications of HIPEC?
Long-term complications can include bowel obstructions, infertility (in female patients), or organ damage, but these are not common.
What are the chances of cancer recurrence after HIPEC?
Recurrence rates vary by cancer type and stage, but HIPEC has been shown to lower the chances of recurrence in some cases.
How can I find a specialist for HIPEC treatment?
You can consult with oncologists at leading hospitals like Artemis in Gurgaon for HIPEC expertise.
What’s the recovery time for HIPEC?
Recovery time typically ranges from 6 weeks to several months, depending on the patient’s overall
