What is Angioplasty?
Angioplasty is a medical procedure used to open up blocked or narrowed blood vessels, most commonly the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. The procedure is typically performed to treat a condition known as atherosclerosis, where the arteries become clogged with fatty deposits, reducing blood flow. Angioplasty involves a balloon catheter to widen the blocked or narrowed section of the artery, often followed by the placement of a stent to keep the artery open.
What are the Different Types of Angioplasties?
Angioplasty is a versatile procedure that can be used to treat various types of arterial blockages depending on their complexities and location. Each type of angioplasty addresses the specific needs of the patient and the area being treated. Understanding the different methods available is essential for determining the most effective treatment option based on the type of artery affected, the severity of the blockage, and the patient’s general health. Types of angioplasties include:
Coronary Artery Angioplasty
This is the most common type of angioplasty, where the procedure is performed to open blocked coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. The blockage is usually caused by the buildup of plaque, which restricts blood flow and can lead to heart attacks.
Peripheral Artery Angioplasty
Peripheral artery angioplasty is performed to treat blockages in the peripheral arteries, which supply blood to the limbs, especially the legs. This procedure is typically done to improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of leg amputation.
Balloon angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter to open blocked or narrowed arteries. The balloon is inflated at the site of the blockage to widen the artery and improve blood flow.
Angioplasty with or Without Stenting
In some cases, a stent, which is a small mesh-like device, is inserted after the balloon angioplasty to help keep the artery open. If no stent is used, the artery may close again over time.
Excimer Laser Coronary Angioplasty (ELCA)
This is a specialized form of angioplasty that uses a laser to remove blockages from the artery. ELCA is typically used for more complex blockages or when traditional balloon angioplasty is not effective.
Who is the Ideal Candidate for Angioplasty?
The ideal candidate for angioplasty is typically someone who has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), conditions where the arteries become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup, restricting blood flow. Angioplasty is generally recommended for the following types of individuals:
Experiencing symptoms of restricted blood flow
This includes chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, or dizziness due to reduced oxygen supply to the heart or other organs.
Having a history of heart-related issues
Individuals who have experienced a heart attack or have been diagnosed with severe CAD may require angioplasty to restore normal blood flow and prevent further damage.
Having a high risk of heart attack or stroke
Those with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, or a family history of heart disease may be candidates for angioplasty to prevent more severe complications.
Are not candidates for bypass surgery
Angioplasty may be recommended for patients who are unable to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to age, health issues, or the location of the blockage.
Have blockages that are treatable by angioplasty
If the blockage is localized and the artery is suitable for catheterization and balloon inflation, angioplasty is a preferred option.
When to Consult the Doctor for Angioplasty?
Consult the doctor for your angioplasty treatment if you experience persistent symptoms like chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, dizziness, or fatigue. A cardiologist may recommend angioplasty if tests like coronary angiography reveal significant blockages in the arteries. Moreover, individuals with a history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol can also seek medical consultation for angioplasty as a preventive measure.
How to Prepare for Angioplasty Procedure?
Before undergoing angioplasty, patients typically undergo several tests, including:
Electrocardiogram (ECG): To check for abnormal heart rhythms.
Blood tests: To assess kidney function, cholesterol levels, and clotting factors.
Angiography: A specialized X-ray to examine the arteries.
Furthermore, there are certain pre-surgery instructions that a patient must follow to ensure a smooth surgery experience:
You will typically be instructed to fast for at least 6-8 hours before the angioplasty. This means you should not eat or drink anything during this period to prevent complications with anesthesia or sedation during the procedure. You may be allowed to sip a small amount of water if required for medications, but always confirm with your doctor.
Discuss ongoing medications
Provide the doctor with a full list of all ongoing medications such as prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and any herbal supplements. The doctor may suggest stopping the intake of blood-thinning medications a few days before the procedure to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding. However, never stop any prescribed medication without your doctor’s approval.
The patients may also be required to adjust the timing of other medications (such as diabetes or hypertension drugs) based on the procedure schedule, so consult with your doctor about how to manage these.
Wear Comfortable Clothing
On the day of the procedure, wear loose, comfortable clothes. The patient will likely be asked to change into a hospital gown, but wearing something loose will make it easier to change and feel comfortable during the wait.
Arrangements for After the Procedure
Arrange for a family member or friend to drive you home after the procedure, as you will not be able to drive due to the sedation used during angioplasty. Ensure that someone is available to help you at home for the first 24-48 hours, especially if you feel weak or need assistance with tasks.
Avoid Smoking and Alcohol
Smoking can increase the risk of complications, so avoid smoking for at least 24 hours before the procedure. Refrain from consuming alcohol the night before the procedure, as it may interfere with medications and sedation.
What Happens During the Angioplasty Procedure?
During the angioplasty procedure, the primary goal is to open up blocked or narrowed blood vessels, particularly coronary arteries, to restore normal blood flow. Here’s what you may expect during the angioplasty procedure:
Preparation and Anesthesia
The procedure is typically performed under local anaesthesia. This means the patient will be awake, but the area where the catheter is inserted (usually the groin or wrist) will be numbed to prevent pain. In some cases, mild sedation may be given to help the patient relax and make them more comfortable during the procedure.
Insertion of the Catheter
A small incision is made at the insertion site (typically in the groin or wrist), where a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into the artery. Using X-ray imaging (angiography), the doctor carefully guides the catheter through the blood vessels to the site of the blockage.
Angiography to Locate the Blockage
A special dye (contrast agent) is injected through the catheter to make the blood vessels visible on the X-ray monitor. This helps the doctor see the location, size, and severity of the blockage or narrowing in the artery. The doctor uses the X-ray images to assess the extent of the blockage and determine the best approach for treating it.
Once the blockage is located, a small balloon catheter is threaded through the guide catheter and positioned at the narrowed or blocked section of the artery. The balloon is inflated, typically for 30 seconds to 1 minute. The inflation of the balloon compresses the plaque or blockage against the artery walls, widening the artery and restoring blood flow. In some cases, the balloon may be inflated and deflated several times to ensure the artery is sufficiently opened.
Placement of a Stent (If Necessary)
In most cases, a stent (a small mesh tube) is placed at the site of the blockage after the balloon angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open and prevents it from narrowing again. The stent is usually expanded by inflating the balloon, and then the balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the stent in place.
There are different types of stents, including bare-metal stents and drug-eluting stents. Drug-eluting stents release medication to help prevent the artery from becoming blocked again.
Completion of the Procedure
After the balloon and stent are successfully placed (if needed), the catheter is carefully removed from the artery. The insertion site is closed with a small bandage or, in some cases, a closure device to stop any bleeding. Pressure may be applied to prevent hematoma (bruising) at the insertion site.
Post-operative Monitoring
The patient will be moved to a recovery area where they will be monitored for several hours. The heart rate, blood pressure, and the site of catheter insertion will be checked to ensure everything is stable. Most patients are advised to rest for several hours after the procedure to allow the body to recover, especially if the catheter was inserted into the groin.
In many cases, angioplasty is an outpatient procedure, and you may be able to go home the same day. However, they may be required to stay in the hospital for a short period for observation, depending on the complexity of the procedure.
Subsequently, you’ll be given instructions on medications (such as blood thinners to prevent clotting) and post-procedure care, which includes avoiding strenuous activities and regular check-ups.
What to Expect After Angioplasty Procedure?
After angioplasty, patients may be required to stay in the hospital for a short period for observation. The procedure generally carries a low risk, but there may be temporary discomfort at the catheter insertion site. Most patients are able to walk and resume normal activities within a day or two.
What are the Recovery Tips After Angioplasty?
After undergoing angioplasty, it is crucial to ensure a smooth and effective recovery. This period is crucial for restoring health, managing any side effects, and preventing complications. Since angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure, most patients can return to their daily lives relatively quickly, but the recovery process still requires attention to detail. A well-managed recovery can significantly improve your long-term health outcomes, reduce the risk of artery narrowing again, and support heart health overall.
Follow the prescribed medication regimen
After angioplasty, medications like blood thinners or cholesterol-lowering drugs may be prescribed.
It's crucial to avoid heavy lifting or intense physical activity for at least 1-2 weeks after the procedure.
Keep track of your symptoms, including pain or swelling at the catheter site, and report any unusual changes to your doctor.
Regular check-ups and tests are necessary to monitor your recovery and detect any possible complications.
Choose Artemis Hospitals for Advanced Heart Angioplasty Treatment in Gurgaon
Angioplasty is a highly effective procedure for treating heart and arterial blockages, and Artemis Hospitals offers state-of-the-art healthcare facilities to perform this life-saving surgery. Whether you are suffering from coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, our team of expert cardio surgeons can perform advanced angioplasty with a very high success rate to restore normal blood flow and reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events.
To book an appointment with the top cardio surgeons for heart angioplasty procedure at Artemis Hospitals, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does an angioplasty take?
The procedure typically takes 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the complexity.
Is angioplasty painful?
No, the patient is given anaesthesia before the procedure for a smooth surgery experience. However, there may be some discomfort after the procedure due to the soreness at the insertion site.
Can angioplasty clear heart blockage?
Yes, angioplasty is effective in clearing blockages in the arteries, and improving blood flow to the heart or other affected areas.
How is angioplasty different from bypass surgery?
Angioplasty involves using a balloon and stent to clear blocked arteries, whereas bypass surgery involves creating an alternative route for blood flow by grafting blood vessels.
Can I eat or drink before an angioplasty?
Patients are generally asked to fast for 6-8 hours before the procedure to avoid complications associated with the anesthesia.
Can an artery get blocked again after angioplasty?
Yes, in some cases, an artery may become blocked again, necessitating further treatment.
Are there any complications of heart angioplasty?
While heart angioplasty is generally safe, there are potential complications such as:
Abnormal Bleeding
Severe Infection
Blood Clots
Restenosis
Damage to the Artery
Arrhythmias
Kidney Injury
Are there any alternatives to angioplasty?
In certain cases, lifestyle changes, medications, or bypass surgery may be alternatives to angioplasty.
How long does it take to recover from angioplasty?
Most patients recover within a week, but full recovery may take 2-4 weeks.
What lifestyle changes should I follow after angioplasty?
Following a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, and avoiding smoking are essential lifestyle changes after angioplasty.
When can I return to work after angioplasty?
Most patients can return to work within 1-2 weeks, depending on the type of work and recovery progress.
What follow-up care is needed after angioplasty?
Regular check-ups, blood tests, and imaging studies are needed to monitor the success of the procedure and detect any complications.
Can I exercise after angioplasty?
Low-intensity exercises like walking can be resumed shortly after the procedure, but intense physical activity should be avoided until cleared by a doctor.
