What is Urological Cancer Surgery?
Urological cancer surgery refers to the surgical treatment aimed at removing cancerous tumours or affected tissues within the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. This includes cancers of the kidneys, bladder, prostate, testes, and ureters. The patient may need urological cancer surgery when cancer is detected in these areas to remove the tumour, control disease progression, or alleviate symptoms.
Urological cancers can significantly affect a patient's daily lifestyle, causing symptoms like pain, urinary difficulties, blood in urine, or general discomfort. Surgical intervention not only helps manage the disease but also improves quality of life. Early diagnosis and timely urological cancer surgery can dramatically increase the chances of successful treatment and recovery.
Artemis Hospitals offers comprehensive urological oncology care, utilising state-of-the-art surgical techniques and providing personalised patient care by some of the leading doctors in India.
What are the Different Types of Surgery For Urological Cancer?
Urological cancer surgery involves various specialised procedures designed to remove cancerous tissue from the urinary tract and male reproductive organs. Each surgery is tailored to the specific type and location of the cancer, aiming to maximise effectiveness while preserving normal function whenever possible.
Nephrectomy involves the surgical removal of part (partial nephrectomy) or all (radical nephrectomy) of the kidney. This procedure is primarily used to treat kidney cancer, especially when the tumour is confined to the kidney. It helps eliminate cancerous tissue and can sometimes be performed using minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or robotics.
Prostatectomy is the removal of the prostate gland, commonly performed for prostate cancer treatment. The surgery may be nerve-sparing to reduce the risk of urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. It can be done through traditional open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or robotic-assisted approaches, offering precision and quicker recovery.
Cystectomy refers to the surgical removal of the bladder, either partially or completely, depending on the extent of bladder cancer. In cases of radical cystectomy, nearby lymph nodes and surrounding tissues may also be removed. This surgery often requires urinary diversion techniques to reroute urine flow after bladder removal.
Radical orchiectomy is the complete removal of one or both testicles and is the standard treatment for testicular cancer. The procedure is typically performed through a small incision in the groin to remove the affected testicle and spermatic cord. It is often the first step in treating testicular tumours.
Transurethral Resection (TUR)
Transurethral resection is a minimally invasive procedure where tumours in the bladder or prostate are removed through the urethra using a resectoscope. This method is often used for early-stage bladder cancers and can relieve symptoms like bleeding or obstruction. It allows for tissue sampling for biopsy and staging.
Radical cystectomy involves the complete removal of the bladder and surrounding organs affected by invasive bladder cancer. It may be combined with lymph node dissection and urinary diversion surgeries. This procedure is often recommended when bladder cancer is aggressive or has penetrated the bladder wall.
Why Do You Need Surgery For Urological Cancer?
Surgical intervention is crucial in managing urological cancer and plays a significant role in achieving the most effective outcomes for the patient. It offers both therapeutic and diagnostic benefits, helping to control the disease, alleviate symptoms, and, in many cases, provide a chance for a cure.
The surgeon removes the cancerous tumour to prevent it from growing or spreading to other parts of the body. This helps stop the disease at its source.
Surgery removes affected tissues, helping to control the progression of cancer and limit its spread. This supports better management of the disease overall.
The procedure alleviates symptoms such as pain, bleeding, or urinary obstruction caused by the tumor. This significantly improves the patient’s comfort and quality of life.
During surgery, the surgeon examines tissues and nearby lymph nodes to determine how far the cancer has spread. This information guides further treatment planning.
When possible, the surgery aims to completely remove all cancerous tissues, offering the patient a chance for a full cure.
In cases where curing cancer is not feasible, surgery helps relieve severe symptoms and enhance the patient’s quality of life through palliative measures.
Who Is an Eligible Candidate For Urological Cancer Surgery?
Eligibility for urological cancer surgery depends on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the general health of the patient.
Ideal candidates for surgery are those whose cancer is localised or has limited spread and who have the physical fitness to undergo anaesthesia and recovery. The patient’s age, other medical conditions, and cancer type are carefully evaluated before recommending surgery. Warning signs that may indicate the need for surgery include:
- Persistent urinary discomfort or pain
- A noticeable lump or swelling in the testicles
- Difficulty urinating or incomplete bladder emptying
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
When to Consult a Doctor for Urological Cancer Surgery?
The patients must consult a doctor as soon as any signs or symptoms suggestive of urological cancer appear. Early consultation enables timely diagnosis and improves the chances of successful treatment.
The patient should seek medical advice if experiencing persistent blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, unexplained weight loss, or pain in the lower abdomen or back. Additionally, regular screenings are recommended for those with a family history of urological cancer or other risk factors.
Prompt medical attention allows for early detection, accurate staging, and a personalised treatment plan that may include surgery, improving outcomes and overall prognosis.
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What Happens Before Urological Cancer Surgery?
Before undergoing urological cancer surgery, the patient goes through a thorough preoperative process to ensure the procedure is safe and effective. This includes medical evaluations, diagnostic tests, lifestyle adjustments, and clear communication with the surgical team to prepare both physically and mentally for the operation:
The patient will need imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds, along with blood and urine tests to evaluate overall health and confirm the extent of cancer. These results help in surgical planning and risk assessment.
Discuss the Surgery With the Doctor
The patient should have a detailed discussion with the urologist about the surgery, including potential risks, expected outcomes, recovery time, and alternative treatment options. This ensures informed consent and better preparation.
Review Ongoing Medications
It’s important to inform the doctor about all current medications, including blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and herbal supplements. The doctor may adjust or temporarily stop certain medications to reduce surgical risks.
Follow Fasting Instructions
The patient is usually instructed not to eat or drink for several hours before surgery to reduce the risk of aspiration during anaesthesia. Specific timing will be provided by the surgical team.
Stop Smoking and Limit Alcohol
If the patient smokes or drinks, stopping these habits before surgery helps improve healing and reduce complications like infections or delayed recovery.
Arrange Support After Surgery
Since the patient may need help with mobility, medications, or household activities after discharge, it’s advisable to arrange for a caregiver or family member to assist during the recovery period.
What Happens During Urological Cancer Surgery?
The surgical process for urological cancer varies depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether it's the prostate, kidney, bladder, testicle, or ureter. However, most surgeries follow a structured process to ensure patient safety, complete tumour removal, and a smooth postoperative transition. Here’s a detailed overview of what happens during urological cancer surgery:
Admission and Preparation
The patient is taken to the operating room and prepped for the procedure. The nursing team checks vital signs, confirms fasting status, and verifies consent forms. The surgical area is shaved and cleaned to reduce infection risk.
Anesthesia Administration
An anesthesiologist meets with the patient to administer either general anesthesia (which puts the patient to sleep completely) or regional anesthesia (which numbs a specific part of the body). The type of anesthesia depends on the procedure being performed and the patient’s health.
Patient Positioning and Sterilisation
Once under anesthesia, the surgical team positions the patient appropriately to allow optimal access to the affected organ. The area is thoroughly sterilised, and sterile drapes are placed to maintain a clean environment throughout the surgery.
Depending on the type of urological cancer surgery, the surgeon makes precise incisions. These may be:
- Open surgery: A larger incision for direct access.
- Laparoscopic surgery: Small incisions using a camera and instruments.
- Robotic-assisted surgery: High-precision robotic tools guided by the surgeon.
The choice depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient’s anatomy and preferences.
The surgeon carefully identifies and removes the cancerous tissue or organ. For example:
- In a Nephrectomy, part or all of the kidney is removed.
- In a Prostatectomy, the prostate gland is taken out.
- A Cystectomy involves removing the bladder, partially or entirely.
- A Radical Orchiectomy removes one or both testicles.
- A Transurethral Resection (TUR) removes tumors from inside the bladder via the urethra.
- Radical Cystectomy may involve additional removal of nearby organs (like the prostate or uterus).
If needed, nearby lymph nodes are also removed to check for cancer spread.
Urinary Reconstruction or Diversion (If Required)
In surgeries like radical cystectomy, the patient may require urinary diversion. The surgeon may create a neobladder (new bladder) or urostomy (urine exit through the abdominal wall using a stoma). This is discussed with the patient during preoperative planning.
Bleeding Control and Closure
Once the tumour is removed and reconstruction is complete, the surgeon checks for bleeding and ensures all vital structures are intact. Then, the incisions are closed with sutures or surgical staples. Sterile dressings are applied to protect the wound.
Transfer to Recovery Room
The patient is transferred to the recovery room, where the medical team closely monitors vital signs as the anaesthesia wears off. The nursing staff assesses pain levels and ensures the patient wakes up safely without complications.
What Happens After Urological Cancer Surgery?
After urological cancer surgery, the patient enters the critical postoperative phase, where recovery and monitoring are key. The initial hours and days after surgery involve careful observation, pain management, and support to ensure the body begins healing properly.
The patient is closely monitored in the hospital, and the care team works to minimise complications and support early mobility. Here’s what typically happens after the surgery:
Immediate Postoperative Monitoring
The patient is taken to a recovery room, where medical staff closely monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and breathing. This is crucial to ensure the patient is stable after anaesthesia.
Pain after urological cancer surgery is expected, but it is well-managed with medications. Depending on the procedure, the patient may receive intravenous (IV) pain relief or oral medications. The care team regularly assesses pain levels and adjusts medications as needed.
Use of Catheters and Drains
The patient may have a urinary catheter in place to drain urine and monitor kidney function. Surgical drains may also be inserted near the incision site to remove excess fluids and reduce swelling. These are typically removed within a few days, depending on recovery progress.
Fluid and Nutritional Support
Initially, the patient may not be able to eat or drink. IV fluids are given to maintain hydration. Gradually, the patient transitions to clear liquids, followed by a soft diet, once bowel function returns.
Mobilisation and Breathing Exercises
To prevent complications such as blood clots and pneumonia, the patient is encouraged to start moving (with assistance) as soon as possible—usually within 24 hours. Breathing exercises, often using a spirometer, help expand the lungs and reduce the risk of infections.
The surgical site is inspected regularly for signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge. Dressings are changed as needed, and the patient is given guidance on how to care for the incision after discharge.
Monitoring for Complications
The care team monitors for signs of complications such as bleeding, infection, urinary leakage, or blood clots. Blood tests, urine output, and imaging (if needed) help assess internal healing and organ function.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Post-surgery, patients often experience a mix of emotions, including anxiety, relief, and uncertainty. Support from counsellors, family members, or support groups is encouraged to help the patient cope emotionally, especially after procedures like radical orchiectomy or cystectomy.
Preparation for Discharge
Once the patient stabilises, shows signs of healing, and can move independently, the care team begins discharge planning. The patient receives detailed instructions about wound care, medications, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments.
Recovery After Urological Cancer Surgery
Recovery after urological cancer surgery is a gradual process that varies depending on the type and extent of the procedure, as well as the patient’s overall health. The goal during this phase is to support healing, restore physical function, and help the patient return to normal daily activities. Most patients recover well with proper post-operative care, lifestyle modifications, and regular follow-up.
The recovery time depends on the surgery performed. Minimally invasive procedures like Transurethral Resection may require only a few days to a week of recovery, while more extensive surgeries like Radical Cystectomy or Nephrectomy may take 4 to 8 weeks or more.
Hospital stays can range from 1–2 days for minor procedures to up to 10 days for major surgeries. The patient may continue healing at home for several weeks after discharge.
Recovery Tips
- Follow Medication Schedule: Take all prescribed medications on time, including antibiotics, painkillers, and any medications to support urinary function or prevent infection.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to support kidney function and flush out the urinary system unless instructed otherwise by the doctor.
- Move Regularly: Light walking helps improve blood circulation, prevent blood clots, and speed up recovery. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise until cleared by the surgeon.
- Eat a Nutritious Diet: A balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and fibre supports tissue repair and helps prevent constipation, which is common after surgery.
- Monitor the Surgical Site: Check for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, discharge, or increased pain. Contact the hospital immediately if any of these symptoms appear.
What are the Risks or Complications of Urological Cancer Surgery?
Like any major procedure, urological cancer surgery carries certain risks. Understanding them helps the patient make informed decisions and prepare for recovery.
- Surgical Complications: Bleeding, infection, blood clots, or injury to nearby organs may occur. Most are manageable with prompt medical care.
- Functional Impairment: Some patients may experience urinary incontinence or sexual dysfunction, depending on the type of surgery. These issues often improve with time or treatment.
- Cosmetic Changes: Surgeries like radical orchiectomy may alter body appearance. Prosthetic options are available for patients who wish to restore physical appearance.
- Emotional Impact: Cancer surgery can lead to emotional distress or anxiety. Support groups and counselling are helpful during recovery.
- Potential for Recurrence: Even after successful surgery, cancer can return. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and act early if needed.
Get advanced urological cancer surgery in Gurgaon from experienced urologic surgeons
Why Choose Artemis Hospitals for Urological Cancer Surgery in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals is one of the leading centres for advanced urological cancer surgery in Gurgaon, offering world-class care, cutting-edge technology, and a team of highly experienced specialists in urological oncology. We are committed to providing comprehensive and compassionate care throughout the patient’s journey, from diagnosis to recovery.
Our hospital is home to some of the best urological cancer surgeons in Gurgaon, with extensive experience in complex procedures like nephrectomy, prostatectomy, cystectomy, and radical orchiectomy.
We use the latest surgical technologies, including robotic and laparoscopic systems, to perform minimally invasive procedures that ensure faster recovery, less pain, and fewer complications.
Comprehensive Cancer Care
At Artemis, we provide a multidisciplinary approach that includes urologists, oncologists, radiologists, and support staff working together to tailor the most effective treatment plan for each patient.
Personalised Patient Support
From pre-surgical counselling to post-operative rehabilitation, our care teams offer ongoing support for both the patient and their family — addressing physical, emotional, and psychological needs.
State-of-the-Art Facilities
Our dedicated urology and oncology departments are equipped with advanced ICUs, diagnostic labs, and recovery suites to ensure the highest standards of safety and comfort.
High Success Rates & Patient Satisfaction
Our outcomes in prostate cancer surgery, bladder cancer surgery, testicular cancer surgery, and other procedures reflect our commitment to clinical excellence and patient well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does the surgery for urological cancer take?
The duration of urological cancer surgery varies depending on the type, but most procedures take between 2 to 6 hours. Complex surgeries like radical cystectomy or nephrectomy may take longer.
What are the early symptoms of urological cancer?
Early symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent or painful urination, pelvic pain, and swelling in the testicles. These signs should prompt immediate medical consultation.
What is the success rate of urological cancer surgery near me in Gurgaon at Artemis Hospital?
At Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon, urological cancer surgeries have a high success rate, especially when diagnosed early. Outcomes are further improved by our expert team and advanced surgical technologies.
Which is better – robotic surgery or open surgery for urological cancer?
Robotic surgery offers faster recovery, less pain, and smaller incisions, while open surgery may be preferred for complex or advanced cases. The surgeon recommends the best approach based on the patient's condition.
How long does recovery take after urological cancer surgery?
Recovery typically takes 2 to 8 weeks, depending on the type of surgery. Minimally invasive procedures often result in quicker recovery times than open surgeries.
Can urological cancer be cured completely?
Yes, if detected early and treated appropriately, many types of urological cancer can be cured completely. Surgery remains one of the most effective treatment options for curative intent.
What kind of pain management is provided after the procedures?
After surgery, pain is managed using oral medications, intravenous analgesics, or regional anaesthesia. The medical team regularly assesses and adjusts pain relief to ensure patient comfort.
How long does it take to return to normal activities after the procedures?
Most patients return to light activities within 2 to 4 weeks and resume normal routines in 6 to 8 weeks. Your doctor will guide activity levels based on your healing progress.
Will I need physical therapy after surgery?
In some cases, especially after major surgeries, physical therapy may be recommended to restore mobility, bladder control, or pelvic strength. Your care team will assess your specific needs.
What lifestyle changes may be necessary after the procedure?
The patient may need to adopt a healthier diet, quit smoking, limit alcohol, and stay physically active. Regular follow-ups and screenings also become a vital part of long-term care.
Are there alternative treatments to surgery?
Yes, depending on the cancer type and stage, alternatives like radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or active surveillance may be considered. Your doctor will help decide the best course.
What exercises are recommended post-surgery?
Gentle walking, breathing exercises, and pelvic floor strengthening are commonly recommended post-surgery. All exercises should be introduced gradually under medical supervision.
What foods should be avoided after urological cancer surgery?
Patients should avoid spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods during recovery. A soft, fibre-rich, and hydrating diet is encouraged to promote healing and reduce strain on the urinary system.
Can urological cancer surgery near me in Gurgaon at Artemis Hospital be combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy?
Yes, at Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon, surgery may be combined with chemotherapy or radiation, depending on the cancer stage and type. This multidisciplinary approach improves treatment outcomes.
How much does urological cancer surgery cost near me in Gurgaon at Artemis Hospital?
The cost of urological cancer surgery at Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon depends on the type of surgery, hospital stay, and additional treatments. Our team provides complete cost estimates during consultation.
What makes Artemis Hospital Gurgaon a trusted choice for urological cancer surgery near me?
Artemis Hospital Gurgaon is trusted for its expert urological oncology team, advanced surgical technology, patient-centric care, and consistently high treatment success rates. We offer comprehensive care under one roof.
