Kidney Cancer Treatment in Gurgaon
What is Kidney Cancer?
Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, occurs when abnormal cells in the kidneys begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumour. It is one of the most common types of cancer in adults, with renal cell carcinoma being the most prevalent form. Kidney cancer can occur in one or both kidneys and can spread to other parts of the body in advanced stages.
Kidney cancer is typically diagnosed in adults between the ages of 50 and 70, though it can affect younger individuals as well. Men are more likely to develop kidney cancer than women, and the incidence rate has been rising over the years. While early-stage kidney cancer may not present noticeable symptoms, the disease can progress, leading to more severe complications. It is essential for the patient to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms to seek timely diagnosis and treatment.
What are the Different Types of Kidney Cancer?
Kidney cancer encompasses several subtypes, each with distinct characteristics and treatment strategies. Here are the most common types:
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
This is the most common form of kidney cancer that accounts for about 70% of cases. It begins in the cells that line the renal tubules and is often diagnosed in the later stages.
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
This type accounts for 10-15% of kidney cancer cases and develops from the cells lining the kidney’s tubules. It often has a better prognosis than clear cell carcinoma.
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
A rarer form that makes up about 5% of kidney cancer cases. It generally has a better prognosis than clear cell and papillary types.
Collecting Duct Renal Cell Carcinoma
A very rare and aggressive form of kidney cancer that begins in the collecting ducts of the kidney. It is challenging to treat and is often diagnosed in later stages.
A rare and aggressive form of kidney cancer that primarily affects young adults, particularly those of African descent.
A benign tumour that can appear similar to kidney cancer on imaging tests, but it does not spread or pose a significant threat.
A rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. It usually responds well to treatment but requires early detection for optimal outcomes.
What are the Kidney Cancer Stages?
The staging of kidney cancer is crucial in determining the extent of the disease and the best course of treatment. Staging helps doctors predict the prognosis and tailor treatment options accordingly.
- Stage I: The cancer is confined to the kidney and is relatively small. It has not spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.
- Stage II: The tumour is larger but still confined to the kidney. It has not spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes.
- Stage III: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or blood vessels but is still confined to the kidney region.
- Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs, bones, or liver, making it more challenging to treat effectively.
What are the Symptoms of Kidney Cancer?
Kidney cancer often shows no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, more noticeable symptoms may appear. Patients should be aware of these signs for early detection.
Visible Blood in the Urine (Hematuria)
If the patient notices blood in the urine, whether visible to the naked eye or detected through a routine urinalysis, it can indicate the initial stages of cancer. Blood in the urine is one of the most common symptoms of kidney cancer and should never be ignored.
Persistent Pain in the Lower Back or Side
Pain in the side, flank, or lower back that doesn’t seem to go away could indicate kidney issues, including kidney cancer. If the pain is unexplained and persistent, it is crucial to seek medical attention.
Sudden and unexplained weight loss, especially when not associated with changes in diet or exercise, could be a symptom of advanced kidney cancer or another serious health issue.
Feeling constantly fatigued or weak, even after adequate rest, can be a sign that something is wrong, including kidney cancer. Fatigue is a common symptom in the later stages of kidney cancer, often related to anaemia or the body’s response to cancer.
Swelling or a Lump in the Abdomen or Side
The development of a lump or mass in the abdomen or side area may suggest the presence of a kidney tumour.
Fever without an obvious cause or night sweats that interfere with sleep could be related to kidney cancer. If these symptoms persist or worsen, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for proper evaluation.
Changes in Urination Patterns
Frequent urination or a sudden need to urinate, accompanied by discomfort or difficulty urinating, could be related to kidney cancer. Any changes in the normal urination pattern should be reported to a healthcare professional for evaluation.
History of Kidney Disease or Risk Factors
If the patient has a history of chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, or any other underlying kidney conditions, regular check-ups are essential. Additionally, those with a family history of kidney cancer, a history of smoking, obesity, or high blood pressure should consult a doctor regularly for early screening.
High blood pressure, especially when not previously present, can be associated with kidney tumours. If blood pressure is elevated and cannot be controlled with medication or lifestyle changes, further investigation is needed.
What Causes Kidney Cancer?
The exact cause of kidney cancer remains unknown, but several risk factors may contribute to the development of the disease. These factors may increase the likelihood of abnormal cell growth in the kidneys.
- Smoking: Smokers have a significantly higher risk of developing kidney cancer due to the toxic chemicals in cigarettes.
- Obesity: Overweight individuals are at a higher risk due to hormonal changes and inflammation associated with excess fat.
- High Blood Pressure: Long-term high blood pressure can damage blood vessels in the kidneys, increasing the risk of cancer.
- Family History: A family history of kidney cancer or certain genetic conditions may increase the risk of developing the disease.
- Radiation Therapy: Previous exposure to radiation therapy, particularly for other cancers, can increase the risk of kidney cancer.
- Gene Changes (Mutations): Inherited genetic mutations, such as in the VHL gene, can predispose individuals to kidney cancer.
- Long-Term Dialysis Treatment: Individuals on dialysis for kidney failure have an increased risk of developing kidney cancer.
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: This genetic condition increases the risk of kidney cancer, particularly in younger individuals.
- Von Hippel-Lindau Disease (VHL): A genetic disorder that leads to the growth of tumours in various organs, including the kidneys.
When to Consult the Doctor For Kidney Cancer?
It is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as any signs or symptoms of kidney cancer appear. Although kidney cancer can sometimes grow without noticeable symptoms, being aware of potential warning signs and risk factors can help ensure early detection and better treatment outcomes. The earlier kidney cancer is diagnosed, the more treatment options are available, and the higher the chances of successful treatment.
How is Kidney Cancer Diagnosed?
Early detection of kidney cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Several diagnostic methods are used to identify kidney cancer and determine its stage.
A routine test that may reveal blood in the urine, which is a common symptom of kidney cancer.
Tests to check for abnormal levels of certain substances in the blood that could indicate kidney cancer.
It is used in the diagnosis and staging of kidney cancer to detect cancerous activity by highlighting areas of abnormal metabolic function. It can reveal tumours or metastasis that may not be visible on other scans.
A detailed imaging test that provides cross-sectional images of the kidneys and surrounding areas to detect tumours.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MRI scans help identify the size and spread of kidney tumours.
A non-invasive imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualise the kidney and detect tumours.
Renal Mass Biopsy (When surgery is not possible)
A procedure where a small tissue sample is taken from the kidney to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
What are the Treatment Options For Kidney Cancer?
The treatment for kidney cancer is highly individualised and depends on several factors, including the type, stage, and location of the tumour, as well as the overall health of the patient. At Artemis Hospitals, we provide a personalised treatment approach, working closely with each patient to develop the most effective plan. Below is an overview of the primary treatment options for kidney cancer:
Surgery: The Cornerstone of Kidney Cancer Treatment
Surgery is the most common and effective treatment for kidney cancer, especially when the cancer is detected in its early stages. The goal of surgery is to remove the tumour, or in some cases, the entire kidney, to prevent the cancer from spreading to other parts of the body. Surgical options include:
Radical nephrectomy involves the removal of the entire kidney, along with surrounding tissues, including the adrenal gland and some nearby lymph nodes. This is typically recommended when the tumour is large or has spread beyond the kidney.
In cases where the tumour is small and confined to the kidney, a partial nephrectomy may be performed, where only the tumour and a small portion of healthy tissue around it are removed. This surgery is preferred whenever possible to preserve kidney function and reduce the risk of kidney failure.
Robot Assisted Radial / Partial Nephrectomy
Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to treat kidney cancer while preserving as much healthy kidney tissue as possible. In this procedure, surgeons use advanced robotic systems to remove only the cancerous portion of the kidney with high precision and control. This approach is especially beneficial for patients with small or localized tumors, as it reduces the risk of complications, minimizes blood loss, and promotes faster recovery compared to traditional open surgery. By preserving kidney function and ensuring effective tumor removal, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy has become a preferred option in the management of early-stage kidney cancer.
Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic Surgery
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, involves smaller incisions and the use of a camera to guide the surgeon. This option typically results in shorter recovery times and less post-operative pain compared to open surgery. It is often used for smaller tumours or when the cancer is localised to one kidney.
The choice of surgery depends on the size, location, and stage of the tumour, as well as the patient's overall health and kidney function.
Ablation: Non-Surgical Alternatives for Smaller Tumours
Ablation therapies are a non-surgical treatment option used to destroy cancer cells by applying either heat or cold. This approach is typically recommended for patients with small tumours that are difficult to remove surgically or when surgery is not an option due to other health concerns. There are two main types of ablation therapies:
Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Radiofrequency ablation involves the use of high-frequency electrical currents to generate heat that destroys the cancer cells. A needle is inserted into the tumour through the skin using imaging guidance, and the heat causes the tumour to shrink and die. RFA is typically used for small, localised kidney tumours and is often performed in outpatient settings, requiring minimal recovery time.
Cryoablation uses extreme cold to freeze and destroy cancer cells. A probe is inserted into the tumour, and liquid nitrogen or argon gas is used to freeze the tissue. This technique is often used when tumours are smaller and located in difficult-to-reach areas of the kidney. Like RFA, cryoablation is minimally invasive and has fewer risks compared to traditional surgery.
Both radiofrequency and cryoablation are highly effective for treating small tumours, especially in patients who may not be candidates for surgery due to age, health, or other factors.
Radiation Therapy: Treating Advanced Kidney Cancer
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays (such as X-rays) to target and kill cancer cells. It is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for kidney cancer but may be recommended in certain cases, particularly when surgery is not an option or the cancer has spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes. Radiation therapy can be used to:
- Shrink Tumours: Radiation can help shrink tumours that are causing pain or discomfort, especially in advanced stages.
- Palliative Care: For patients with metastatic kidney cancer, radiation therapy can be used as part of palliative care to relieve symptoms such as bone pain, bleeding, or obstruction.
Radiation therapy is usually combined with other treatments, such as surgery or targeted therapy, for enhanced effectiveness. It is important to note that radiation therapy is generally not effective on its own for treating kidney cancer, but it can play a valuable role in certain treatment regimens.
Targeted Drug Therapy: Targeting Cancer Cells at the Molecular Level
Targeted drug therapy is a type of cancer treatment that focuses on specific molecules or proteins involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, which affects all rapidly dividing cells in the body, targeted therapy is designed to specifically attack cancer cells while minimising damage to normal, healthy cells.
Targeted drugs for kidney cancer work by blocking the blood supply to the tumour, preventing cancer cells from receiving the nutrients they need to grow. Some targeted therapies aim to inhibit the signalling pathways that allow kidney cancer cells to proliferate and spread.
Examples of Targeted Therapy Drugs
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): These drugs block enzymes (kinases) that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Common examples include sunitinib (Sutent), pazopanib (Votrient), and axitinib (Inlyta).
- mTOR Inhibitors: These drugs target a protein (mTOR) that helps cancer cells grow and divide. Temsirolimus (Torisel) and everolimus (Afinitor) are commonly used mTOR inhibitors.
Targeted therapy is particularly effective in treating advanced kidney cancer, including metastatic disease, and is often used when surgery or other treatments are not enough.
Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Body’s Immune System
Immunotherapy is a treatment that enhances or stimulates the body’s immune system to fight cancer. Kidney cancer cells can evade detection by the immune system, so immunotherapy works by boosting the immune response, enabling it to recognise and attack the cancer cells more effectively.
There are two main types of immunotherapy used to treat kidney cancer:
Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy that targets specific checkpoints in the immune system, allowing the immune system to better recognise and attack cancer cells. These drugs are often used in advanced or metastatic kidney cancer cases. Some commonly used checkpoint inhibitors for kidney cancer include:
- Nivolumab (Opdivo): A PD-1 inhibitor that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, allowing immune cells to recognise and attack cancer cells.
- Pembrolizumab (Keytruda): Another PD-1 inhibitor that boosts the immune response against cancer.
Cytokine therapy uses synthetic versions of natural substances (like interleukin-2 and interferons) that help boost the immune system's response to cancer. High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most commonly used cytokine therapies for kidney cancer. Though it can have significant side effects, it is sometimes used for patients with advanced or metastatic kidney cancer.
Immunotherapy has shown promising results, particularly in patients with advanced kidney cancer, and is often used in combination with other treatments, such as targeted therapy, to improve survival rates.
Chemotherapy: A Last Resort for Kidney Cancer
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill fast-growing cancer cells. While chemotherapy is a common treatment for many types of cancer, it is not as effective for kidney cancer, and it is generally not used as a first-line treatment. However, chemotherapy may be used in certain cases, particularly if the cancer has spread to other organs or if other treatment options have not been successful.
In kidney cancer, chemotherapy is more commonly used to treat lymphoma kidney cancer or certain rare subtypes of kidney cancer, such as medullary carcinoma. Chemotherapy is typically combined with other treatment modalities to improve its effectiveness.
The side effects of chemotherapy can be severe, including nausea, fatigue, and hair loss. Therefore, chemotherapy is usually reserved for cases where other treatments are not suitable or effective.
What are the Prevention Tips For Kidney Cancer?
While it is not always possible to prevent kidney cancer, certain lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of
- Quit Smoking: Giving up smoking significantly lowers the risk of developing kidney cancer.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Regular physical activity and a balanced diet can help prevent obesity, a major risk factor.
- Manage Blood Pressure: Controlling high blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medication can lower the risk of kidney cancer.
- Limit Exposure to Chemicals: Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation can also reduce the risk.
Why Choose Artemis Hospitals For Kidney Cancer Treatment in Gurgaon?
Choosing the right hospital for cancer treatment is crucial for achieving the best outcomes. At Artemis Hospital, our team of highly experienced oncologists, surgeons, and cancer care specialists provide personalised treatment plans using cutting-edge technology and a multidisciplinary approach. Here’s what makes Artemis Hospital a trusted choice:
Expert Oncologists & Cancer Specialists
The hospital is home to renowned medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists with expertise in treating early-stage, complex, and advanced cancers. Their patient-focused approach ensures precise diagnosis and effective treatment planning.
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach
Cancer treatment at Artemis Hospital is planned through a Tumour Board, where oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and specialised cancer surgeons collaborate to provide holistic and customized treatment plans for each patient.
State-of-the-Art Diagnostic & Treatment Facilities
Equipped with high-end PET-CT, MRI, molecular diagnostics, and genetic testing, Artemis Hospital ensures early detection and accurate cancer staging, leading to targeted and minimally invasive treatments.
Advanced Surgical & Radiation Therapies
The hospital offers robotic-assisted cancer surgeries, minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures, and high-precision radiation therapies (IMRT, IGRT, and SRS) for effective tumour control with minimal side effects.
Patient-Centric Cancer Care
A dedicated support team provides nutritional guidance, psychological counselling, and rehabilitation programs to help patients recover physically and emotionally. The hospital also offers palliative care services to enhance the quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
Innovation & Research-Driven Treatments
Artemis Hospital actively adopts new advancements in oncology, including clinical trials, immunotherapy innovations, and precision oncology, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and research-backed cancer treatments.
With expert nephro-oncologists, world-class technology, and a patient-first approach, Artemis Hospital remains a leading cancer hospital in Gurgaon, committed to delivering excellence in oncology care.
Reviewed ByDr. Kunal Vinayak
Associate Consultant - Urology & Kidney Transplant
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
What is kidney cancer?
Kidney cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the kidneys, where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma, which starts in the cells of the kidney's lining.
Who does kidney cancer affect?
Kidney cancer can affect anyone, but it is more common in older adults, typically those over 60. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and a family history of the disease.
What are the symptoms of kidney cancer?
Common signs of kidney cancer include blood in the urine, persistent pain in the back or side, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and swelling in the legs or ankles.
Is kidney cancer common in India?
Kidney cancer is relatively less common in India compared to other cancers, but its incidence has been increasing due to lifestyle factors such as smoking, obesity, and hypertension.
What is the role of surgery in kidney cancer treatment?
Surgery is the primary treatment for kidney cancer, often involving the removal of the tumour or entire kidney (nephrectomy) to prevent the spread of cancer.
Can kidney cancer be treated without removing the kidney?
Yes, in some cases, kidney cancer can be treated without removing the entire kidney, especially with partial nephrectomy or other treatments like ablation, where only the tumour is removed.
Is immunotherapy effective for kidney cancer?
Yes, immunotherapy has proven effective in treating advanced kidney cancer by stimulating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells, especially when other treatments are not successful.
Is kidney cancer curable?
Kidney cancer can be cured if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. The chances of cure decrease as the cancer advances to more severe stages.
Is kidney cancer preventable?
While kidney cancer cannot be fully prevented, reducing risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure can help lower the risk of developing it.
Can kidney cancer come back after treatment?
Yes, kidney cancer can recur after treatment, especially if the cancer has spread or was not fully removed. Regular follow-ups are important to detect any recurrence early.
Can children get kidney cancer?
Yes, although rare, children can develop kidney cancer, with the most common type being Wilms' tumor, which typically affects children under the age of 5.
Can you fully recover from kidney cancer?
Full recovery from kidney cancer is possible, especially if detected early. Recovery depends on the cancer’s stage, treatment effectiveness, and overall health of the patient.
What is the survival rate for kidney cancer?
The survival rate for kidney cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for localised kidney cancer can be over 90%, but it decreases in more advanced stages.
What is the final stage of kidney cancer?
The final stage of kidney cancer, Stage IV, occurs when the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lungs, bones, or liver.
What are the treatment options for kidney cancer available in Gurgaon?
Kidney cancer treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the medical health of the patient, including surgery, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, ablation, and radiation therapy. Call us to schedule an appointment with some of the best uro oncologists in Gurgaon.
How do I find the best doctor for kidney cancer treatment near me in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals has some of the best oncologists in Gurgaon with decades of experience in diagnosing and treating patients with kidney cancer. Our expert oncologists offer personalised care to ensure a high remission rate.
Are minimally invasive or robotic surgeries available for kidney cancer in Gurgaon?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon offers minimally invasive and robotic surgeries for kidney cancer, which ensure faster recovery and less post-operative pain.
Can kidney cancer cause death?
Yes, if kidney cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage and not treated promptly, it can lead to complications and, in some cases, can be fatal.
How fast can kidney cancer spread?
Kidney cancer can spread at varying rates, depending on its type and stage. If not treated, it may spread to nearby lymph nodes, bones, lungs, or other organs.
Is kidney cancer genetic?
Certain genetic conditions, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease, can increase the risk of kidney cancer, but most kidney cancers occur sporadically and are not directly inherited.
What can I expect if I have kidney cancer?
If diagnosed with kidney cancer, the patient can expect a tailored treatment plan, which may include surgery, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Early-stage kidney cancer typically has a high survival rate, and follow-up care is essential for monitoring recovery.
