Aortic valve disease is a serious heart condition that can cause a range of complications, including heart failure, stroke, and even death if left untreated. Traditionally, surgical aortic valve replacement was the standard treatment, but advances in medical technology have led to the development of a less invasive approach, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), also known as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR).
This revolutionary procedure is transforming the treatment landscape for patients with severe aortic stenosis, particularly those who are at high surgical risk.
What is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR/TAVI) Procedure?
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure that replaces a faulty aortic valve without the need for open-heart surgery.
The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta, regulates blood flow. In conditions like aortic stenosis, the valve becomes narrowed, preventing adequate blood flow and requiring replacement.
TAVR uses a catheter-based technique, where a new valve is implanted via a small incision, typically in the groin area, and guided through the blood vessels to the heart. The procedure is often performed under local anesthesia with mild sedation, and in some cases, general anesthesia may be used.
What Conditions can be Treated with the TAVR/TAVI Procedure?
TAVR/TAVI is primarily used to treat severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and failed bioprosthetic valves. However, it can be adapted to treat other complex valve conditions in high-risk patients, offering a less invasive and highly effective alternative to open-heart surgery. Always consult with a cardiologist to determine the most suitable treatment based on individual health conditions.
Aortic Stenosis (Severe Symptomatic)
Aortic stenosis is the narrowing of the aortic valve, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. The procedure is ideal for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, especially those who are at high risk for traditional open-heart surgery.
Aortic Valve Degeneration (Calcific Aortic Valve Disease)
Age-related thickening and calcification of the aortic valve, leading to reduced valve function. TAVR/TAVI is preferred for elderly patients or those with other health conditions that make surgery risky and manage symptoms of breathlessness, reduced exercise tolerance, and heart palpitations.
Failed Aortic Bioprosthetic Valve (Valve-in-Valve Procedure)
When a previously implanted bioprosthetic aortic valve starts to fail due to degeneration or dysfunction. TAVI can be used to implant a new valve within the failed bioprosthetic valve, avoiding the need for reoperation.
Aortic Regurgitation (Severe Cases in High-Risk Patients)
Aortic regurgitation occurs when the aortic valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the heart. TAVI is not the first-line treatment for aortic regurgitation but may be considered in specific cases, especially for high-risk patients.
Congenital Aortic Valve Abnormalities (e.g., Bicuspid Aortic Valve)
Congenital heart defects like a bicuspid aortic valve can lead to early valve degeneration and stenosis. In adults with congenital valve defects who are not candidates for open-heart surgery, TAVI offers a less invasive alternative.
Aortic Valve Disease in High-Risk Surgical Candidates
Patients with multiple comorbidities (e.g., severe lung disease, kidney failure, frailty) who are at high risk for traditional surgery. TAVI is an excellent option for these patients as it significantly reduces the surgical risks.
When to Consult the Doctor for TAVI/TAVR Procedure?
Get in touch with a doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of aortic valve disease. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life, especially in patients above 75 years, who have a history of heart disease or family history of valve disorders, and who are diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve or other congenital heart conditions. One of the most common conditions treated with TAVI/TAVR is severe aortic stenosis. Consult a cardiologist if you notice the following symptoms:
Chest pain or tightness (angina)
Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
Fatigue or weakness even with minimal effort
Dizziness or fainting (syncope)
Swollen ankles, legs, or abdomen
Palpitations or irregular heartbeats
How to Prepare for TAVI/TAVR Procedure?
Before undergoing the TAVR procedure, patients are evaluated thoroughly through imaging tests and clinical assessments. These evaluations ensure the best approach to the procedure. Depending on the patient's condition, a specific access route for the catheter (e.g., femoral artery, subclavian artery) is determined. Preoperative medications are also administered, including blood thinners, to reduce the risk of clots during the procedure. Follow the following pre-surgery instructions:
The cardiologist recommends tests such as echocardiography, CT scans, and blood tests to evaluate your heart's condition and general health.
You may be advised to stop certain medications before the procedure. This includes blood thinners, which can increase bleeding-related complications.
You will likely need to fast for at least 6-8 hours before the procedure.
Make arrangements for someone to take you home after the procedure since you won’t be able to drive yourself.
What Happens During the TAVI/TAVR Procedure?
The TAVR procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, which typically takes 1-3 hours. Here is how the procedure is performed:
A small incision is made in the groin area (or through the chest or neck, depending on the access route chosen).
A catheter is inserted through the incision and guided through the blood vessels to the heart.
A balloon is used to expand the narrowed aortic valve, and a new valve is then placed over the old one. The new valve is often delivered using a catheter and is expanded to fit securely in place.
After the valve is in position, your doctors will monitor the procedure, ensuring that the valve is functioning properly.
What Happens After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement?
After the TAVR procedure, most patients are closely monitored in a recovery room for several hours. Recovery typically begins in the hospital and continues at home, and the process varies from person to person. The hospital stay is usually 2-3 days, depending on the patient’s condition. In some cases, patients may be able to leave the hospital within 24 hours if they are recovering well. Regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor valve function and overall recovery.
What are the Benefits of TAVI/TAVR?
TAVR avoids the need for open-heart surgery, reducing recovery time and hospital stay.
Most patients can resume normal activities within weeks instead of months.
TAVR is especially beneficial for elderly or high-risk patients who may not be suitable for traditional surgery.
Patients often experience significant relief from symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain post-procedure.
Recovery Tips After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
Recovering from a TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) procedure is usually quicker compared to traditional open-heart surgery. However, following the right recovery tips is essential to ensure optimal healing, prevent complications, and improve your quality of life. Here are some key recovery tips:
Follow The Doctor’s Instructions:
Medication Adherence: Take prescribed medications (blood thinners, heart medications, etc.) as directed.
Follow-Up Appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-ups to monitor your heart function and valve performance.
Rest and Gradual Activity
Initial Rest: Get plenty of rest in the first few days after the procedure.
Light Activity: Start with short walks around your home as soon as you feel able.
Gradual Progression: Increase activity levels gradually, aiming for 20–30 minutes of walking daily after the first week.
Care for the Catheter Insertion Site
Keep It Clean and Dry: Follow wound care instructions to prevent infection.
Watch for Signs of Infection: Redness, swelling, warmth, or discharge from the site may indicate infection.
Avoid Heavy Lifting: Don’t lift anything heavier than 5–10 kg for at least 4–6 weeks.
Manage Your Diet
Heart-Healthy Diet: Focus on a low-sodium, low-fat, and high-fiber diet.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water, unless advised otherwise by your doctor.
Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Reduce or avoid substances that can affect heart rhythm or blood pressure.
Avoid High-Risk Activities
No Driving: Do not drive until the doctor suggests you. green light, usually after 1–2 weeks.
Avoid Strenuous Exercise: Refrain from activities like running, heavy lifting, or vigorous exercise for at least 4–6 weeks.
Travel Caution: If you plan to travel, consult your doctor. Long flights or car rides may require breaks to prevent blood clots.
Stay Hydrated and Prevent Blood Clots
Compression Stockings: If recommended, wear them to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Leg Exercises: Gentle ankle pumps and leg stretches can help improve circulation.
Why Choose Artemis Hospital for TAVI/TAVR Surgery?
Artemis Hospital in Gurgaon is one of the leading healthcare institutions in India for advanced cardiac care. The hospital is renowned for its state-of-the-art facilities, experienced cardiologists, and successful outcomes in TAVR procedures. With a focus on minimally invasive techniques, Artemis ensures that patients receive top-quality care and experience faster recovery times.
To book an appointment with the top cardio surgeons at Artemis Hospitals for TAVI/TAVR procedure, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the full form of the TAVR Procedure?
TAVR stands for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.
Is a TAVR considered major surgery?
TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure and is less invasive than traditional open-heart surgery.
What is the life expectancy after a TAVR?
Most patients experience an improved life expectancy and quality of life after TAVR, depending on their overall health condition.
Are There Any Risks or Complications of TAVR?
While TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure, it is not without risks. Some potential complications include:
Bleeding or infection at the catheter insertion site
Stroke or heart attack
Valve leakage or damage to the new valve
Arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats
Kidney complications
What is the age limit for TAVR?
There is no strict age limit, but patients who are elderly or have significant comorbidities are often ideal candidates.
Can you live 10 years after TAVI?
Yes, many patients live more than 10 years after TAVI with proper follow-up care.
How does TAVR differ from open-heart surgery?
TAVR is less invasive, involves no major incisions, and requires a shorter recovery time compared to open-heart surgery.
How long does the TAVR procedure take?
The procedure generally takes 1-3 hours, depending on the complexity.
How soon will I notice improvements after TAVR?
Most patients notice a significant improvement in symptoms within a few days to weeks after the procedure.
Who is NOT a good candidate for TAVR?
Patients with severe comorbidities, such as advanced cancer or a high risk of infection, may not be suitable candidates.
How long is the recovery time after TAVR?
Recovery typically takes 2-4 weeks, although this varies from patient to patient.
What activities should I avoid after TAVR?
Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for the first 4-6 weeks.
What follow-up care is required after TAVR?
Regular follow-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor heart function and valve performance.
