What is Aortic Valve Surgery?
Aortic valve surgery refers to a medical procedure that addresses issues with the aortic valve of the heart. This valve is responsible for regulating the blood flow from the heart’s left ventricle into the aorta. When this valve becomes damaged or diseased, it can impair heart function, leading to a condition that requires medical intervention. The best treatment for a dysfunctional aortic valve is aortic valve replacement surgery. This procedure can significantly improve the quality of life, relieve symptoms, and prevent further complications such as heart failure or stroke.
Artemis Hospitals specializes in providing world-class treatment for aortic valve disease, offering state-of-the-art surgical options such as surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Whether you have a sclerotic aortic valve or a bicuspid aortic valve, our team of expert cardiologists and heart surgeons are equipped with the latest techniques to provide the best outcomes.
What Conditions Can Be Treated With Aortic Valve Surgery?
Aortic valve surgery primarily treats two types of heart valve problems, i.e. aortic valve regurgitation and aortic valve stenosis, details of which have been mentioned below:
Aortic Valve Regurgitation (Leaky Valve)
In this condition, the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the left ventricle. This backward flow of blood can reduce the heart's efficiency and lead to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs.
Aortic Valve Stenosis (Narrowed Valve Opening)
Aortic valve stenosis is characterised by the narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the heart to the aorta. This condition puts extra strain on the heart and may lead to severe complications, including heart failure, if left untreated.
What are the Different Types of Aortic Valve Surgery?
There are several treatment options available for patients requiring aortic valve replacement surgery, depending on the severity of the condition and the patient's health. These options include:
In some cases, the aortic valve can be repaired rather than replaced. This procedure is typically done when the valve is still structurally sound but requires adjustments, such as tightening or reshaping, to restore proper function.
Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR)
Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the most common method for replacing a damaged aortic valve. The procedure involves traditional open-heart surgery, during which the damaged valve is removed and replaced with a prosthetic valve. This valve can be either biological (from an animal or human donor) or mechanical (made from synthetic materials).
TAVI (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation)
This is a minimally invasive procedure for patients who are not candidates for traditional surgery due to age or health concerns. A catheter is inserted through the groin or chest to deliver a replacement valve to the heart, which is then expanded into place.
TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement)
Similar to TAVI, TAVR involves the insertion of a new valve through a catheter, typically via the femoral artery, without the need for open-heart surgery.
When to Consult the Doctor for an Aortic Valve Replacement Procedure?
Aortic valve replacement surgery is necessary when the heart valve becomes severely damaged and cannot function properly. Symptoms of severe aortic valve stenosis or aortic valve regurgitation may include chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath. It is crucial to consult a doctor for a thorough evaluation if you experience these symptoms or are diagnosed with aortic valve disease.
What to Expect Before the Aortic Valve Surgery?
Before undergoing an aortic valve repair procedure, it is essential to prepare both physically and mentally for the surgery. This preparation ensures the best possible outcomes and a smoother recovery. Here’s what you can expect leading up to your aortic valve repair surgery:
Consultation and Evaluation
Before the procedure, have a detailed consultation with your cardiologist and heart surgeon. During this appointment, the doctor will:
Review your medical history
This includes discussing any symptoms you’ve been experiencing (like chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue), your general health, and any pre-existing conditions that might affect the surgery (such as diabetes or hypertension).
Tests like an echocardiogram, CT scan, or MRI may be conducted to assess the condition of your aortic valve and the overall health of your heart. These tests help determine the extent of the valve damage and decide whether aortic valve repair is the right approach or if a replacement is needed.
Assess your heart function
Doctors will evaluate how well your heart is pumping blood and if other areas of the heart are affected by the valve issue, which will influence surgical decisions.
Pre-Surgical Preparations
As the surgery date approaches, there are several pre-surgical steps you'll need to take:
The doctor may adjust or stop certain medications leading up to the procedure, especially blood thinners like aspirin or warfarin, to reduce the risk of bleeding. Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare team.
You may be asked to avoid eating or drinking after midnight before your surgery day, as this reduces the risk of aspiration (inhaling food or liquids into the lungs) during the anesthesia.
Blood tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) or kidney function tests, will likely be done to ensure your body is in optimal condition for surgery.
Depending on your specific situation, your doctor may recommend exercises, physical therapy, or even lifestyle changes (such as smoking cessation or weight management) to improve your health before surgery.
Discussing Risks and Complications
Every surgical procedure carries some risk, so your surgeon will take the time to discuss the potential risks of aortic valve surgery, such as:
These risks are relatively rare, and the benefits of the procedure often outweigh the potential complications, especially if your valve disease is severe.
Arranging Support and Transportation
Since the patient is under general anesthesia during the procedure and may feel drowsy after the surgery, it is important to arrange for someone to drive the patient home after the hospital discharge.
How is Aortic Valve Repair Surgery Performed?
Aortic valve repair surgery is a procedure designed to correct issues with the aortic valve, which regulates blood flow from the heart’s left ventricle into the aorta. When the valve becomes diseased, it can lead to conditions such as aortic stenosis (narrowing of the valve) or aortic regurgitation (leaky valve), impairing the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. In some cases, the valve can be repaired rather than replaced, restoring its function without the need for a full valve replacement.
Here’s an overview of how aortic valve repair surgery is typically performed:
Before the procedure, you will undergo various tests to assess the extent of the valve damage and determine whether repair is a viable option. These tests include echocardiograms, CT scans, MRIs, and possibly cardiac catheterization. Once it’s confirmed that aortic valve repair is appropriate, you will be scheduled for surgery, and the following steps will be taken:
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia, meaning you will be unconscious and pain-free during the procedure.
An intravenous (IV) line will be inserted to administer fluids and medications. The medical team will continuously monitor your heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels throughout the procedure.
The type of incision and approach depends on whether traditional open-heart surgery or a minimally invasive approach is used.
Traditional Open-Heart Surgery:
In most cases, open-heart surgery is performed to repair the aortic valve. The procedure typically follows these steps:
A large incision is made down the center of the chest, and the breastbone (sternum) is split to provide access to the heart.
This allows the surgeon to operate on the heart while the patient is connected to a heart-lung machine. This machine takes over the role of pumping blood and oxygenating it, ensuring the body remains supplied with oxygen while the heart is temporarily stopped.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
In some cases, minimally invasive heart surgery can be an option. This technique involves smaller incisions, leading to a quicker recovery time and less trauma. The surgeon uses a video camera and specialized tools to repair the valve through the smaller incisions, often between the ribs or through the upper chest.
Repairing the Aortic Valve
Once access to the heart is achieved, the surgeon proceeds with repairing the damaged aortic valve. The specific repair procedure depends on the type of valve issue. Common repair techniques include:
If the aortic valve has become dilated or the valve ring (annulus) is enlarged, the surgeon may use a procedure called annuloplasty to tighten the valve. This involves placing a band or stitch around the valve to reshape and reduce the size of the annulus, helping the valve close more effectively.
In cases where the valve leaflets have fused or are restricted, the surgeon may perform a commissurotomy, where they cut and separate the leaflets to allow for smoother opening and closing of the valve.
If the valve leaflets are damaged or torn, the surgeon may repair or reshape them by removing excess tissue or suturing them together. Sometimes, the surgeon may need to trim the damaged leaflets to restore normal valve function.
If the valve has become distorted or deformed, the surgeon may reshape it by removing parts of the valve and stitching it back together to improve its function. This helps ensure that the valve opens fully to allow blood flow and closes properly to prevent regurgitation. In some cases, a combination of techniques may be used to repair the valve.
After the repair is complete, the surgeon ensures that the valve is functioning properly, checking for any leaks or issues. The heart is then restarted, and the heart-lung machine is gradually disconnected. Once the heart is beating again on its own, the surgeon will close the chest. Sutures are used to close the breastbone, and stitches or staples are used to close the skin incision. The procedure typically takes several hours, depending on the complexity of the repair.
Recovery Tips for Aortic Valve Surgery
Recovery after aortic valve replacement surgery varies by the type of procedure performed and the patient's overall health. However, common tips for recovery include:
Rest and gradual activity
It’s essential to rest initially, followed by gradual increases in activity as recommended by the doctor.
Regular follow-up appointments are critical to monitor the function of the new valve and general heart health.
Maintaining a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can help improve the long-term success of the surgery
Different Types of Surgical Procedures for Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery
There are two main types of surgery for aortic valve replacement:
Traditional Open-Heart Surgery
Traditional open-heart surgery involves making a large incision down the chest, cutting through the breastbone to access the heart, and replacing the damaged valve. This procedure is highly effective but requires a longer recovery period.
Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery
In some cases, minimally invasive heart surgery may be an option. This technique involves smaller incisions, which results in less trauma to the body and a faster recovery time. Aortic valve replacement via a minimally invasive approach is generally reserved for patients who are candidates for the procedure and have a properly sized heart and aortic root.
What are the Benefits of Aortic Valve Surgery?
Aortic valve surgery provides a wide range of benefits, particularly for patients with severe aortic stenosis or aortic valve regurgitation. These benefits include:
Aortic valve surgery can alleviate symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.
By restoring proper blood flow, the heart's efficiency is improved, which can reduce the risk of heart failure.
Increased life expectancy
When performed at the right time, aortic valve replacement can significantly increase life expectancy and improve the patient's quality of life.
Minimized surgical trauma
Minimally invasive procedures lead to reduced trauma, quicker recovery, and less postoperative pain.
What are the Risks & Complications of Aortic Valve Surgery?
While aortic valve replacement surgery has a high success rate, there are risks and potential complications, including:
Any surgical procedure carries the risk of infection, including infection of the heart valve.
Blood loss during surgery or post-surgical complications may require a transfusion.
Abnormal heart rhythms can occur after surgery, requiring management and possibly medication.
In rare cases, patients may experience a stroke due to blood clots or other complications.
Though rare, the new valve may not work as expected, requiring further treatment.
Why Choose Artemis Hospital for Aortic Valve Surgery?
Artemis Hospitals offers exceptional care for patients requiring aortic heart valve surgery. Our team of expert cardiac surgeons uses the latest surgical aortic valve replacement techniques to provide the best possible outcomes. With advanced technology, a multidisciplinary approach, and a patient-centered philosophy, we ensure that every patient receives the highest standard of care.
To book an appointment with the top cardiac surgeons for Aortic valve surgery at Artemis Hospitals, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Frequently Asked Questions
How serious is aortic valve surgery?
Aortic valve surgery is a major surgery, but it is often necessary to treat severe aortic stenosis or regurgitation and can significantly improve heart function and quality of life.
Can you repair an aortic valve without surgery?
In some cases, aortic valve repair may be possible through less invasive procedures. However, severe cases often require a full replacement of the valve.
Is aortic valve replacement a serious surgery?
Yes, aortic valve replacement is a serious surgery, but it is highly effective for treating severe valve diseases and can significantly improve heart function and survival rates.
What is the survival rate for aortic valve replacement surgery?
The survival rate for aortic valve replacement surgery is generally high, with many patients experiencing significant improvements in heart function and quality of life. However, the success rate depends on the patient’s health, severity of the condition, and how strictly the post-recovery tips are followed.
How long does it take to recover from aortic valve replacement surgery?
Recovery from aortic valve replacement surgery can take anywhere from 6 weeks to 3 months, depending on the type of surgery performed and the patient’s overall health.
Can you lead a normal life after aortic valve replacement?
Yes, most patients can lead a normal, active life after aortic valve replacement surgery, provided they follow their doctor’s advice on recovery and lifestyle modifications.
What is the quality of life after aortic valve replacement?
The quality of life after aortic valve replacement is often significantly improved, with reduced symptoms and better overall heart function.
Can you live a long life with valve replacement?
Yes, many patients live long, healthy lives after heart valve replacement surgery, especially with appropriate follow-up care and a heart-healthy lifestyle.
How painful is aortic valve replacement?
Pain after aortic valve replacement surgery is typically manageable with medications, and most patients experience significant relief from symptoms once fully recovered.
What not to eat after aortic valve replacement?
Patients are advised to avoid foods high in cholesterol, fat, and sodium to maintain heart health after surgery.
Do you need blood thinners after aortic valve replacement?
Blood thinners may be required, particularly for those with a mechanical valve, to prevent clot formation.
Which heart valve is better?
The choice between mechanical and biological valves depends on the patient’s age, health status, and personal preferences.
How many times can the aortic valve be replaced?
The aortic valve can be replaced multiple times, but each surgery carries risks, and the timing of the replacement depends on the patient's condition.
