Male Infertility Treatment in Gurgaon, India
What is Male Infertility?
Male infertility refers to the inability of a man to impregnate his partner after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be caused by various factors, including issues with sperm production, sperm quality, or sperm transport. Male infertility can occur due to problems like low sperm count, poor sperm motility (movement), abnormal sperm morphology (shape), or even blockages in the reproductive system.
Understanding male infertility is essential, as it affects one in every 20 men. The condition can be diagnosed through tests like semen analysis, hormonal assessments, and physical examinations. Fortunately, advancements in reproductive medicine have led to successful treatments that help men achieve parenthood.
What are the Early Signs of Male Infertility?
Male infertility often doesn’t present obvious symptoms, making it challenging to detect without comprehensive medical evaluation. Most men are unaware of their fertility issues until they face difficulties in conceiving with their partner. However, some apparent signs may indicate underlying fertility problems and recognising the early signs can help in seeking timely medical intervention. Common male infertility symptoms include:
Reduced Facial or Body Hair
A decrease in facial or body hair can suggest hormonal imbalances, such as low testosterone levels, which can affect sperm production.
Pain, Swelling, or Lumps in the Testicles
Pain or swelling in the testicular area may indicate varicocele, infections, or other conditions that can impair sperm production.
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection can be linked to hormonal issues, vascular problems, or stress, all of which may affect fertility.
Difficulty Achieving Orgasm or Ejaculation Issues
Problems with ejaculation, such as retrograde ejaculation or absence of ejaculate, can hinder natural conception.
Changes in Sexual Desire (Libido)
A sudden drop in libido may signal hormonal imbalances, particularly low testosterone levels, affecting both sexual function and fertility.
History of Testicular Surgery or Injury
Previous surgeries, trauma, or injuries to the testicles can affect sperm production and lead to infertility.
Frequent Infections or Urinary Tract Problems
Recurrent infections can damage the reproductive system, causing blockages or inflammation that affect sperm transport.
Signs of Hormonal Imbalances
Symptoms like gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue), fatigue, or mood changes can be signs of hormonal disorders affecting fertility.
Low Energy Levels or Unexplained Weight Gain
Hormonal disorders like thyroid dysfunction or low testosterone can cause fatigue, weight changes, and other signs impacting fertility.
What Causes Infertility in Males?
Male infertility can result from a variety of factors that affect the production, quality, or function of sperm. Infertility issues can be due to medical conditions, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, or even unexplained reasons. Here’s a breakdown of the main causes of infertility in males:
One of the most common causes of male infertility is a low sperm count, known as oligospermia. Several factors can contribute to low sperm count, such as:
Health conditions: Diabetes, infections, and obesity can affect sperm production.
Environmental factors: Exposure to toxic chemicals, heavy metals, or radiation can lower sperm count.
Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet can contribute to infertility.
Sexual dysfunction, such as erectile dysfunction (ED) or premature ejaculation, can interfere with conception. While these conditions don't directly impact sperm quality, they make it difficult to achieve pregnancy naturally.
Chromosomal abnormalities or inherited genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome can lead to infertility. These conditions may affect sperm production or function, requiring specialized treatments like IVF or sperm donation.
A varicocele is an enlargement of veins in the scrotum, which can lead to reduced sperm production and quality. It is a common cause of male infertility and is often treatable through surgery.
Hormonal issues, such as low levels of testosterone or high levels of prolactin, can affect sperm production. These imbalances may be due to thyroid disorders, pituitary gland problems, or other underlying medical conditions.
Blockages or Damage in the Reproductive System
Blockages in the sperm transport system, caused by infections, surgeries, or injuries, can prevent sperm from reaching the egg. In some cases, surgery can correct these blockages.
In some cases, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks sperm as if they were foreign invaders. This condition can lead to sperm antibodies that affect sperm motility and function.
Age is one of the major risk factors that impacts male infertility. While male fertility doesn’t decline as sharply as female fertility with age, sperm quality tends to decrease after age 40. Older men may also experience lower testosterone levels, which can affect fertility.
Common Sperm Disorders Affecting Male Fertility
Oligozoospermia (Low Sperm Count)
Characterized by a sperm count lower than normal, which can reduce the chances of fertilization. Causes include hormonal imbalances, infections, and lifestyle factors.
Azoospermia (Zero Sperm Count)
The absence of sperm in the ejaculate is often due to blockages, genetic issues, or hormonal disorders. It may require surgical intervention or assisted reproductive techniques.
Necrozoospermia (Immobile Sperm)
Refers to sperm that are alive but unable to move effectively. This affects the sperm’s ability to reach and fertilize the egg.
Asthenozoospermia (Low Sperm Motility)
Involves sperm with poor movement, which hinders their journey through the female reproductive tract. Causes can include infections, environmental factors, or genetic issues.
Unexplained Infertility (Increased DNA Fragmentation)
Despite normal sperm parameters, fertility remains unexplained due to potential DNA damage in sperm, affecting embryo quality.
Enlarged veins in the scrotum can increase testicular temperature, impairing sperm production and quality.
A condition where ejaculation occurs too quickly during sexual activity, potentially affecting the timing needed for conception.
When semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis, often due to nerve damage or medication side effects.
Involves the immune system attacking sperm, reducing their ability to fertilize an egg.
Blockages in the reproductive tract can prevent sperm from being released, often treatable with surgery.
Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection can impact fertility and is often linked to physical or psychological health issues.
Stress related to sexual performance can affect erectile function and sperm quality, contributing to infertility.
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Genetic defects can affect sperm production, structure, or function, often requiring specialized fertility treatments.
When to See a Doctor for Male Infertility Treatment?
If a couple has been trying to conceive for over a year without success, it's recommended to consult an embryologist. For men who experience symptoms like erectile dysfunction, pain in the testicles, or a history of fertility-related issues, it's essential to consult a doctor sooner.
Visiting an embryologist for male infertility treatment can help identify the underlying cause and provide the most effective solutions. A specialist in fertility and reproductive medicine can guide you through diagnostic tests and treatment options based on the diagnostic examination and test reports.
How is Male Infertility Diagnosed?
Diagnosing male infertility involves a comprehensive evaluation to identify the underlying cause. The initial interview with the embryologist involves discussions related to male fertility history (including the partner’s as well). This helps the doctor recommend the best treatment procedure.
The embryologist typically recommends preliminary tests to check for any signs of medical conditions and analyse any risks associated with anesthesia. Preliminary tests include medical history assessment, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Diagnosis for male infertility involves the following tests and analysis:
The embryologist may enquire about the duration of infertility and analyse lifestyle factorssuch as smoking, alcohol use, drug habits, stress levels, and occupational exposures as a part of the initial assessment. Subsequently, the doctor may also examine:
Medical Examination | Synopsis |
Previous medical history | Past surgeries, infections, trauma to the reproductive area, or any chronic health conditions. |
Family history | Genetic disorders or inherited conditions that might affect fertility. |
A physical examination helps the doctor identify any visible signs of reproductive health issues in both men and women. Physical examination may include the following:
Medical Examination/Tests | Synopsis |
Testicular size & consistency | To detect any abnormalities |
Varicocele | Enlarged veins in the scrotum, which can affect sperm production |
Hormonal signs | Changes in body hair, gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue) or other signs of hormonal imbalances. |
Prostate examination | To assess for infections or other issues |
Semen Analysis (Primary Test)
The embryologist recommends semen analysis, which is a critical test to diagnose male infertility. However, a single semen analysis isn’t always conclusive, and the doctor may recommend repeating the test to confirm the results, as sperm count can vary from day to day. It evaluates:
Sperm count: The number of sperm in the ejaculate.
Sperm motility: The ability of sperm to swim effectively.
Sperm morphology: The size and shape of sperm, which affect their ability to fertilize an egg.
Seminal fluid volume and pH: To assess the quality of the ejaculate.
Hormone testing is a crucial part of diagnosing male infertility because hormones play a significant role in regulating the production of sperm and overall reproductive health. Therefore, it is crucial to assess imbalances in the hormones responsible for the production of sperm, such as testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), etc.
Any imbalance can indicate underlying issues affecting fertility in men. The embryologist may recommend blood tests to analyze the hormones, characteristics of which are mentioned below:
Hormone | Characteristic |
Testosterone | Essential for sperm production |
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) | Regulates sperm production |
LH (Luteinizing Hormone) | Stimulates testosterone production |
Prolactin | Elevated levels can suppress testosterone |
Thyroid hormones | Imbalances can affect fertility |
If a genetic cause is suspected, especially in cases of severe infertility or azoospermia (absence of sperm in the ejaculate), genetic testing helps diagnose conditions that affect testicular function and guide the doctor with the treatment. The doctor may recommend the following tests:
Diagnostic Tests | Characteristics |
Karyotyping | To identify chromosomal abnormalities |
Y-chromosome microdeletion testing | To detect deletions that can affect sperm production |
Cystic fibrosis gene testing | Since cystic fibrosis can cause congenital absence of the vas deferens |
Imaging tests are used to visualize the male reproductive organs to identify abnormalities that might affect fertility. They help in assessing the anatomy and provide crucial information for diagnosing male infertility. The doctor may recommend the following tests:
Diagnostic | Characteristics |
Scrotal ultrasound | To detect varicoceles, tumors, or other issues |
Transrectal ultrasound | To assess the prostate and seminal vesicles, especially if there’s a suspicion of blockages |
MRI | In rare cases, it is used to detect structural abnormalities |
Post-Ejaculation Urinalysis
This test checks for retrograde ejaculation, where sperm enters the bladder instead of being expelled during ejaculation. It’s done by analyzing a urine sample after ejaculation.
Testicular Biopsy (Rare Cases)
In cases where the cause remains unclear, a small sample of testicular tissue may be removed to assess sperm production directly. This is usually reserved for severe cases of azoospermia.
A testicular biopsy helps confirm if there's a blockage preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate (like in cases of vasectomy or epididymal obstruction) or if sperm production is impaired (due to testicular failure).
The embryologist evaluates testicular function and checks for signs of testicular atrophy, fibrosis, hormonal imbalance, or genetic conditions that can affect sperm production and rule out serious medical conditions like testicular cancer, infections, or genetic abnormalities like Klinefelter syndrome.
What are Treatment Methods for Male Infertility?
Male infertility can result from a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, structural issues, genetic conditions, or lifestyle factors. Therefore, the goal of treatment is to address the underlying cause and improve the chances of conception. Here are some of the main treatment options that can help manage infertility and improve pregnancy rate:
Lifestyle and General Health Improvements
Reducing obesity and improving overall health can boost fertility.
Reducing exposure to chemicals, radiation, and excessive heat (like hot tubs) improves sperm health.
Stress can affect hormone levels and sperm production.
Quitting Smoking & Reducing Alcohol
Both can negatively impact sperm count and quality.
This category includes surgeries aimed at correcting problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which can affect hormone production and, thus, sperm production. It’s rarely done but can be an option if there’s a tumor or other issue affecting hormone regulation.
The surgical approach varies depending on the specific condition, and it may involve the removal of a pituitary tumor or the correction of other hormonal imbalances. Restoration of hormonal balance can sometimes lead to improved sperm production.
These medications are used to treat infections like epididymitis, prostatitis, or sexually transmitted infections that affect sperm production. Antibiotics can restore fertility if the infection is diagnosed early.
A varicocelectomy is the surgical removal or ligation (tying off) of varicoceles, which are enlarged veins within the scrotum. Varicoceles can reduce sperm quality by increasing the temperature in the testes, which can impair sperm production.
During varicocelectomy, the surgeon makes a small incision in the groin or abdomen to access the veins, then either removes or ties them off to redirect blood flow.
Vasectomy Reversal (Vasovasostomy or Vasoepididymostomy)
This procedure is for men who have had a vasectomy and later wish to restore fertility. A vasectomy cuts or blocks the vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testes to the urethra.
In a vasovasostomy, the surgeon reattaches the two ends of the vas deferens. If the vas deferens is blocked or scarred, a vasoepididymostomy (an alternative procedure) may be performed, where the vas deferens is directly connected to the epididymis. The success rate for vasectomy reversal depends on factors such as how long ago the vasectomy was performed and the type of blockage. Generally, success rates range from 30% to 90%.
Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA)
MESA is a procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the epididymis (the tube where sperm mature) in cases where there is a blockage in the vas deferens or in men who don’t produce sperm in their ejaculate.
The procedure invovles administering the patient with local or general anesthesia, where a minute incision is made to access the epididymis, and sperm is aspirated (sucked out). This sperm can be used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
MESA is typically very successful in obtaining viable sperm, and it can be combined with other treatments like IVF for optimal chances of conception.
Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)
TESE is a procedure used to retrieve sperm directly from the testes. This is often done in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, where a man produces little or no sperm in his semen due to problems in sperm production rather than a blockage.
The procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia, and small tissue samples are removed from the testes for sperm extraction. While sperm retrieval success with TESE can vary, the success rate is usually around 30% to 60%, depending on the underlying cause of infertility and other factors.
Transurethral Resection of Ejaculatory Ducts (TURED)
TURED is used for men who have blocked ejaculatory ducts, preventing sperm from being ejaculated. This blockage can be caused by infections, cysts, or congenital abnormalities. In the procedure, the surgeon inserts a small instrument through the urethra to remove any obstructions in the ejaculatory ducts.
The success rate of Transurethral Resection of Ejaculatory Ducts (TURED) can vary, but many men experience improvements in ejaculate quality and sperm count after the procedure.
Even if sperm production is low or absent in the ejaculate, sperm may be retrieved directly from the testes or epididymis and used for assisted reproductive technologies like IUI (intrauterine insemination) or IVF/ICSI.
Sperm retrieval methods include TESE or MESA, and the sperm is then used for IVF/ICSI, where it is injected into the egg for fertilization.
Sperm Retrieval for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) or IVF/ICSI
Sperm Retrieval for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) or IVF/ICSI is a crucial step for men who have issues with sperm production or ejaculation. This procedure is often used when there’s no sperm in the ejaculate due to blockages, testicular problems, or other causes of male infertility.
Sperm retrieval methods include TESE or MESA, and the sperm is then used for IVF/ICSI, where it is injected into the egg for fertilization.
What are Preventive Tips Against Male Infertility?
Although some causes of male infertility are unavoidable, there are preventive measures that can improve sperm health and fertility:
Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
A nutritious diet, regular exercise, and proper weight management play a significant role in fertility.
Avoid hot tubs, saunas, or tight clothing, as prolonged heat can negatively impact sperm production.
Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol
Smoking and alcohol consumption are major contributors to infertility. Apart from that, drugs like marijuana, cocaine, anabolic steroids and exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, radiation, and industrial chemicals can also impact sperm count.
High levels of stress can interfere with hormone production and sperm quality. Encouraging meditation, yoga, deep breathing exercises, and recreational hobbies can help manage stress.
Protect yourself from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can lead to infertility. Conditions like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause blockages and damage to the reproductive tract. Get tested for STIs, especially if you have multiple sexual partners.
Choose Artemis Hospital's Reproductive Medicine Department for Personalized Male & Female Infertility Treatment
At Artemis Hospital, we understand that infertility is a challenging journey, and we're here to provide you with comprehensive care and support. Our state-of-the-art reproductive medicine department offers personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Whether you need advanced male infertility treatment or assistance with female infertility, our team of experienced fertility specialists is here to help you navigate every step of the process.
Our Services:
Endoscopic Procedures
Diagnostic & Operative Laparoscopy
Diagnostic & Operative Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopic Tubal Recanalization.
Sonography
Andrology
ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies)
IUI (AIH & AID)
In-Vitro fertilization, ICSI, TESA,
Laser assisted ICSI
Blastocyst Transfer
Laser Assisted Hatching
Pre Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
IMSI (Exclusive in NCR)
Donor Oocyte IVF Programme
Donor Embryo Programme
Surrogacy
Cryopreservation
Andrology Service
Recent surveys have shown that male infertility is probably the largest single cause of infertility. Artemis has the latest equipment to do a computer-based analysis of sperm motility and morphology. This assessment allows us to give you a possibility score on fertilization, implantation and early pregnancy loss with your sperm.
Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection
It is a new development that may improve assisted reproduction pregnancy rates. It magnifies sperms up to 6,000 times compared to the standard 200 to 400 times magnification associated with traditional fertilization approaches. The IMSI procedure may be a potential alternative to those couples whose semen analysis shows abnormal morphology.
To book an appointment with the top embryologists in Gurgaon, contact Artemis Hospitals at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Reviewed By Dr. Sarabpreet Singh
Head - IVF, Reproductive Medicine
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
Can male infertility be cured?
Yes, many cases of male infertility can be treated with medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies.
How long does male infertility treatment take?
Treatment duration depends on the cause and chosen method, ranging from a few months for lifestyle changes to longer for ART procedures.
What is the significance of Testicular biopsy?
The significance of testicular biopsy include:
Sperm Present (Non-Obstructive Azoospermia): If sperm are found, they can be used for fertility treatments.
No Sperm Found: This suggests testicular failure or other conditions affecting sperm production, guiding further diagnostic tests or treatments.
Testicular Biopsy Results: Help decide if hormonal therapy, surgical correction, or sperm retrieval procedures are needed.
Why is Sperm Retrieval for male infertility a necessary method needed?
Sperm Retrieval is needed in case of:
Azoospermia: Absence of sperm in the ejaculate (can be obstructive or non-obstructive).
Vasectomy: Men who’ve had a vasectomy and want to father children without reversal surgery.
Ejaculatory Issues: Conditions like retrograde ejaculation, where sperm enters the bladder instead of being ejaculated.
Cancer Treatment: Men who’ve undergone chemotherapy or radiation affecting sperm production.
When to see a doctor for infertility?
Seek a doctor’s consultation for male or female infertility if:
No pregnancy after 1 year of unprotected sex (or 6 months if over 35).
Symptoms of hormonal imbalance (e.g., low libido, breast enlargement, mood changes).
History of testicular surgery, trauma, or infections.
Is male infertility permanent?
It can be permanent or temporary, depending on the underlying cause.
Can you fix male infertility?
Yes, many cases can be treated with medication, surgery, lifestyle changes, or assisted reproductive techniques.
Can male infertility go away on its own?
In some cases, yes, especially if caused by temporary factors like infections, stress, or lifestyle issues.
What can I expect if I have male infertility?
You may experience no symptoms, but if infertility is present, it can cause emotional stress and relationship challenges.
What foods or drinks should I avoid if I have male infertility?
Avoid excessive alcohol, processed foods, trans fats, and high-caffeine intake.
