Cardiovascular disease (CVD), commonly referred to as “heart disease”, is the leading cause of death worldwide, and a growing concern in India. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 19.8 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2022, representing about 32% of all global deaths. Alarmingly, 85% of these deaths are caused by heart attacks and strokes. Moreover, more than three-quarters of CVD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, including India, where lifestyle changes, rising diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are fuelling the epidemic. This makes early awareness and timely care critical for saving lives.
Shedding more light on the subject, in this article, we will explore the meaning of cardiovascular disease, its types, causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies, along with how Artemis Hospitals supports advanced heart care. Let’s start by understanding the definition of cardiovascular disease.
What is Cardiovascular Disease (Heart Disease)?
Cardiovascular disease, often called heart disease, is a term used for health problems that affect the heart and blood vessels. In simple words, it means the heart or the blood vessels are not working as they should. This can happen if blood vessels get blocked, if the heart becomes weak, or if it beats irregularly. When the heart and blood vessels cannot supply enough blood and oxygen to the body, it can lead to serious issues such as chest pain, heart attacks, strokes, or even sudden cardiac arrest.
Types of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease is not a single condition but a broad term for different disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. The most common types include:
Coronary Artery Disease
This occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to plaque build-up. It can cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or heart attacks.
Heart Failure
Also called congestive heart failure, this condition develops when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently. Symptoms may include fatigue, swelling in the legs, and difficulty breathing.
Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeats)
Arrhythmias happen when the electrical signals in the heart become abnormal, causing the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Some arrhythmias are harmless, while others may be life-threatening.
Congenital Heart Disease
These are structural heart defects present at birth. They range from simple issues that may resolve on their own to complex malformations requiring surgery.
Peripheral Artery Disease
This condition occurs when arteries in the legs or arms become narrowed, reducing blood flow to the limbs. It may cause pain while walking and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke.
Valvular Heart Disease
The heart has four valves that regulate blood flow. Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of these valves fail to open or close properly, leading to irregular blood circulation and strain on the heart.
Causes and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease often develops over time due to a combination of health conditions, lifestyle habits, and genetic factors. Some of the major causes and risk factors include:
High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol
Uncontrolled blood pressure damages artery walls, while high cholesterol leads to fatty deposits that block blood vessels. Together, they significantly increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Diabetes and Obesity
Poorly managed blood sugar levels and excess body weight contribute to a higher risk of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease.
Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
Smoking injures blood vessels, lowers oxygen in the blood, and accelerates plaque build-up. Excessive alcohol intake raises blood pressure and can weaken the heart muscle over time.
Sedentary Lifestyle and Poor Diet
Lack of physical activity and frequent consumption of foods high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats lead to obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol, all key risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Family History and Age
A family history of heart disease, especially at an early age, increases personal risk. Ageing also raises the chances of developing cardiovascular conditions as blood vessels stiffen and the heart muscle weakens.
Symptoms of Heart Disease
The signs of cardiovascular disease may vary depending on the type of condition, but recognising them early is vital for timely treatment.
Early Warning Signs of Heart Disease
- Chest pain, tightness, or pressure (angina)
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity or at rest
- Pain or discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, or back
- Unexplained fatigue or weakness
- Dizziness, fainting spells, or irregular heartbeat
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
Symptoms in Men vs. Women
Men often experience more “classic” symptoms such as chest pain or pressure during a heart attack. Women, on the other hand, may show subtler signs including nausea, indigestion, shortness of breath, or extreme tiredness. This difference sometimes leads to delayed diagnosis in women, making awareness crucial.
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Complications of Untreated Heart Disease
If cardiovascular disease is not diagnosed and managed in time, it can lead to serious and life-threatening complications, such as:
Stroke and Heart Attack
Blocked arteries can cut off blood flow to the brain or heart, resulting in a stroke or heart attack. Both conditions require immediate emergency care and may cause long-term disability or even sudden death.
Organ Damage and Long-Term Health Risks
Poor circulation from heart disease can damage vital organs such as the kidneys, liver, and brain. Chronic heart failure may also weaken the immune system, reduce quality of life, and increase the risk of premature death.
Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases
Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of heart disease. Doctors use a combination of physical examinations, medical history, and advanced tests to identify cardiovascular conditions at different stages.
Common Tests and Screenings (ECG, Echocardiogram, Stress Test)
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the heart’s electrical activity to identify irregular rhythms or prior heart damage.
- Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart, showing how well it pumps blood.
- Stress Test: Monitors heart performance during exercise or medication-induced stress to detect reduced blood flow.
Advanced Imaging and Blood Tests
- Cardiac CT or MRI: Provides detailed images of the heart and blood vessels for accurate assessment.
- Coronary Angiography: Involves injecting dye into blood vessels to look for blockages.
- Blood Tests: Measure cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiac enzymes to detect risk factors or ongoing damage.
Cardiovascular Disease Treatment Options
Treatment for heart disease depends on the type and severity of the condition, but the goal is always to restore proper blood flow, control risk factors, and prevent complications. Common treatment approaches include:
- Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking or alcohol use.
- Medications: Doctors may prescribe drugs to lower blood pressure, control cholesterol, manage blood sugar, prevent blood clots, or regulate heart rhythm.
- Minimally Invasive Procedures: Techniques such as angioplasty and stent placement are used to open blocked arteries and restore circulation.
- Surgical Interventions: Advanced surgeries, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve repair or replacement, and congenital heart defect correction, may be recommended in severe cases.
- Cardiac Rehabilitation: A structured programme of monitored exercise, education, and counselling designed to help patients recover and prevent future heart issues.
How to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease?
Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented or delayed by making healthier lifestyle choices and managing existing health conditions. Here are some effective ways to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease:
Eating Health and Doing Regular Exercise
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean proteins supports heart health. Reducing salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats lowers the risk of high blood pressure and cholesterol. At least 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, five days a week helps keep the heart strong.
Managing Stress and Sleep Patterns
Chronic stress increases blood pressure and strain on the heart. Stress-relieving activities such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing are beneficial. Getting 7–8 hours of quality sleep each night is also crucial for maintaining heart health.
Regular Health Checkups and Screenings
Routine checkups allow early detection of risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, or high cholesterol. Preventive screenings, ECGs, and blood tests can help in timely diagnosis and intervention.
Get comprehensive cardiovascular care in Gurgaon from experienced heart specialists
How Artemis Hospital Supports Cardiovascular Care?
At Artemis Hospitals, we are committed to delivering world-class heart care by combining advanced technology, the expertise of leading specialists, and a patient-first approach. From preventive screenings to the most complex cardiac surgeries, every aspect of care is designed with precision, safety, and compassion. We provide:
Experienced Cardiologists and Heart Specialists
Our team of highly skilled and experienced cardiologists, interventional specialists, and cardiac surgeons create personalised treatment plans tailored to each patient’s needs. Whether it is managing common conditions or rare cardiovascular disorders, our experts deliver safe, effective, and reliable care.
Advanced Cardiac Treatments and Surgeries
Our state-of-the-art cardiac facilities are equipped with advanced catheterisation labs and the latest technology for minimally invasive procedures. We specialise in angioplasty, bypass surgery, valve repair and replacement, as well as paediatric cardiac surgery, ensuring comprehensive care for patients of all ages.
Patient-Centred Care and Rehabilitation
We believe recovery does not end with treatment. That’s why we offer dedicated cardiac rehabilitation programmes focusing on monitored exercise, lifestyle modification, counselling, and long-term prevention. These programmes empower patients to regain strength, restore confidence, and protect heart health for the future.
Book an Appointment Today
Early detection and timely treatment of cardiovascular disease can save lives and improve long-term outcomes. If you are looking for advanced heart care in Gurgaon, we at Artemis Hospitals offer specialised cardiac services backed by cutting-edge technology, experienced cardiologists, and a patient-first approach to treatment and recovery.
To book an appointment with a cardiologist at Artemis Hospitals, call +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp +91 9800400498. Appointments can also be scheduled through the online patient portal or via the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android.
Article By Dr. D K Jhamb
Chief Cardiology (Unit IV)
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)
What are the main types of heart disease?
The main types of cardiovascular disease include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and valvular heart disease. Each condition affects the heart or blood vessels differently and requires timely diagnosis.
Can I live a normal life with cardiovascular disease?
Yes, many people with cardiovascular disease live long, healthy lives with proper treatment, lifestyle changes, and regular follow-ups. Ongoing management of heart disease symptoms plays an important role in preventing complications.
Is cardiovascular disease hereditary?
Family history is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor. If close relatives have had early heart disease, the chances of developing cardiovascular conditions are higher. Preventive screenings are recommended in such cases.
How often should I get my heart checked?
Adults over 30 should undergo routine heart health screenings every 1–2 years, especially if they have risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. A cardiologist in Gurgaon can guide on tests for cardiovascular disease based on age and medical history.
Can medications cure heart disease?
Medications do not cure cardiovascular disease but help control blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart rhythm. When combined with healthy lifestyle changes and medical procedures if needed, they significantly reduce the risks of complications.
How can I prevent heart disease naturally?
Heart disease prevention involves eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking and excess alcohol, managing stress, and getting adequate sleep. Regular health checkups also help detect cardiovascular disease symptoms early.
What is the main cause of heart-related disease?
The leading causes of cardiovascular disease are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. A combination of these factors increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Where can I find the best cardiologist near me for heart disease treatment?
Patients searching for a cardiologist near me can consult experienced heart specialists at Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon. The hospital has some of the best cardiologists in Gurgaon offering advanced cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention.
Which hospital near me offers advanced heart health diagnosis and treatment?
Artemis Hospitals is recognised as one of the best cardiology hospitals in Gurgaon with cutting-edge diagnostic facilities, including ECG, echocardiogram, stress test, and advanced cardiac imaging for accurate cardiovascular disease diagnosis.
Which is the best hospital in Gurgaon for heart-related surgery?
Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon is a leading centre for heart-related surgeries, including bypass surgery, angioplasty, valve repair, and paediatric cardiac surgery. The hospital’s team of best cardiac (CTVS) surgeons ensures high success rates and safe recovery.
Where can I find angioplasty and bypass surgery specialists near me in gurgaon?
For those searching for angioplasty and bypass surgery specialists near me, Artemis Hospitals Gurgaon provides expert interventional cardiologists and CTVS surgeons who perform advanced procedures with minimally invasive techniques.
Can I book a consultation with a cardiologist at Artemis Hospital online?
Yes, patients can easily book a consultation with the best cardiologists in Gurgaon through Artemis Hospitals’ online patient portal or by using the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app.
Does Artemis Hospital offer emergency care for heart attacks?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals has a 24/7 emergency response team for heart attack patients. The hospital is fully equipped for immediate diagnosis and cardiovascular disease treatment, ensuring timely medical intervention.
Are cardiac rehabilitation programs available at Artemis Hospital Gurgaon?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals offers structured cardiac rehabilitation programs that include exercise training, nutritional counselling, and lifestyle guidance to support recovery after heart disease treatment or surgery.
