While Diwali marks a time of celebration, unity, and new beginnings for families across India, it also brings an increased risk to health due to the sharp rise in air pollution during this period. Every year, the post-Diwali air quality in cities such as Delhi and Gurgaon plunges to hazardous levels due to smoke, firecrackers, and stagnant winter air, creating a thick layer of smog that lingers for days.
This pollution not only dims the festive cheer but also threatens the health of children, pregnant women, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions. From breathing difficulties and burning eyes to long-term health risks such as asthma and heart disease, the effects of Diwali pollution can be serious if preventive care is ignored.
To help, in this article, we will discuss how Diwali pollution impacts you and your family’s health, how the vulnerable groups are most at risk during the festival, and the essential safety measures everyone can adopt for a cleaner, safer celebration. Let’s start by understanding how air pollution levels rise during Diwali.
Overview of Rising Air Pollution During Diwali
Diwali often brings with it a visible spike in air pollution levels across Indian cities, with the impact particularly noticeable in northern regions such as Delhi NCR and Gurgaon. During Diwali, the widespread bursting of firecrackers releases harmful pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals. These particles mix with dust and vehicular emissions, creating dense smog that lingers for days after the celebrations.
The situation worsens due to cooler temperatures and low wind speeds during this time of the year, which trap pollutants close to the ground. As a result, the Air Quality Index (AQI) often rises to “severe” or “hazardous” levels, posing immediate health risks for people of all age groups.
Beyond firecrackers, factors such as crop residue burning, vehicle emissions, and industrial activity further contribute to the deteriorating air quality during this time. This combination of seasonal and man-made pollution makes post-Diwali air among the most toxic periods of the year in many parts of India.
How Diwali Pollution Affects Health?
The days following Diwali often bring a noticeable drop in air quality, filled with fine particles and toxic gases that directly affect respiratory and cardiovascular health. The most harmful of these pollutants include PM2.5 and PM10 (tiny airborne particles that enter the lungs and bloodstream), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide, and heavy metals such as lead and cadmium released from firecrackers.
Short-term exposure to these pollutants can cause coughing, breathlessness, throat and eye irritation, fatigue, and headaches. For those with asthma, bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the symptoms can become more frequent and severe during this period.
Long-term exposure, on the other hand, has been linked to reduced lung function, cardiovascular diseases, and a higher risk of developing chronic respiratory disorders. Children, older adults, and individuals with existing health conditions are particularly susceptible, making it essential to stay alert and limit exposure to outdoor air during high-pollution days.
Impact of Diwali Pollution on Children
Children are among the most vulnerable to the harmful effects of Diwali pollution. Their lungs and immune systems are still developing, making them more sensitive to toxic air and particulate matter.
Common health problems seen in children include:
- Coughing, wheezing, and throat irritation
- Watery eyes and nasal congestion
- Shortness of breath or fatigue
- Increased risk of asthma attacks and respiratory infections
Ways to protect children during Diwali:
- Limit outdoor play during early mornings and evenings when pollution levels are highest
- Keep windows closed and use air purifiers to maintain indoor air quality
- Encourage children to wear protective masks if they step outside
- Include immunity-boosting foods and fluids in their diet
- Schedule regular check-ups at the Best Paediatric (Child Care) Hospital for timely guidance and care
Impact of Diwali Pollution on Pregnant Women
Exposure to Diwali pollution can impact both maternal and foetal health. Harmful particles and gases can enter the mother’s bloodstream, affecting oxygen supply to the foetus/baby and increasing health risks for both.
Possible health risks include:
- Low birth weight or premature delivery
- Developmental complications in the baby
- Breathlessness, dizziness, or nausea in the mother
- Aggravation of pre-existing heart or lung conditions
Safety precautions for expectant mothers:
- Avoid stepping outdoors during peak pollution hours
- Use N95 masks when outside and keep air purifiers on indoors
- Keep hydrated and include antioxidant-rich foods in the diet
- Practise light breathing exercises in a clean, ventilated space
- Visit the Maternity Hospital if experiencing persistent coughing, breathlessness, or fatigue
Impact of Diwali Smog on the Elderly
Older adults are particularly affected by Diwali smog due to weakened immunity and existing health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease.
Common health complications include:
- Increased breathlessness and chest discomfort
- Fatigue or dizziness caused by low oxygen intake
- Higher risk of respiratory infections and cardiac issues
- Sleep disturbances due to poor air quality at night
Precautionary measures for the elderly:
- Stay indoors during severe smog conditions or early mornings
- Continue prescribed medications and monitor oxygen levels regularly
- Use humidifiers or air purifiers to maintain clean indoor air
- Avoid strenuous physical activity when air quality is poor
- Seniors with chronic conditions in NCR can consult the Best Internal Medicine Hospital in Gurgaon or the Geriatric Medicine specialists at Artemis Hospitals for dedicated long-term care.
Impact on Individuals with Asthma or Respiratory Conditions
People with asthma, bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly vulnerable to Diwali pollution. The smoke and fine particulate matter from firecrackers can inflame the airways, trigger symptoms, and increase hospital visits during this period.
Common health impacts include:
- Wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing
- Persistent coughing and throat irritation
- Increased frequency of asthma or COPD flare-ups
- Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
Safety measures for individuals with respiratory issues:
- Keep prescribed inhalers and emergency medicines handy
- Avoid outdoor exposure during peak pollution hours (morning and evening)
- Use air purifiers and keep indoor spaces well-ventilated during the day
- Stay hydrated to help clear mucus from airways
- Avoid lighting or being near firecrackers
- Consult specialists at the Best Pulmonology Hospital for ongoing care and medication review
For those experiencing severe symptoms or prolonged discomfort, timely consultation for Asthma Treatment and Respiratory Failure Treatment at Artemis Hospitals can help prevent complications.
Breathe easy this Diwali with expert guidance from our top pulmonologist in Gurgaon
Contact us to schedule your consultation.
Preventive Measures to Reduce Diwali Pollution Exposure
Simple lifestyle adjustments can go a long way in protecting family health during Diwali. Taking timely precautions not only helps reduce exposure to harmful pollutants but also promotes a cleaner and safer festive environment.
Ways to minimise exposure to air pollution include:
- Limit outdoor activities, especially early in the morning and late at night when pollution levels peak
- Keep windows and doors closed during high-smog hours, and ventilate rooms during the afternoon when air quality improves
- Use air purifiers or indoor plants such as aloe vera and peace lily to maintain cleaner air at home
- Wear N95 masks when stepping outdoors, particularly for children, pregnant women, and elderly individuals
- Stay hydrated and include vitamin C-rich foods to boost immunity against pollution-related infections
Steps to make Diwali celebrations cleaner and safer:
- Choose eco-friendly Diwali decorations such as diyas and LED lights instead of firecrackers
- Opt for community celebrations that discourage bursting crackers and promote sustainable practices
- Avoid burning waste or dry leaves during or after Diwali, as this worsens smog levels
- Keep essential medications, inhalers, or emergency numbers ready for quick action if breathing difficulties arise
By following these preventive measures, families can enjoy the festival of lights while safeguarding their health and contributing to cleaner air for everyone.
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention?
While mild irritation or coughing after Diwali is common, certain symptoms may indicate serious complications that require prompt medical care. Recognising these warning signs early can help prevent emergencies and ensure timely treatment.
Seek immediate medical attention if any of the following symptoms occur:
- Severe or persistent difficulty in breathing
- Chest pain, tightness, or discomfort that does not ease with rest
- Sudden dizziness, nausea, or unexplained fatigue
- Blurred vision or burning, watery eyes
- Asthma or COPD flare-ups that do not respond to usual medication
- Wheezing or coughing accompanied by fever or discolouration of lips or fingertips
In such cases, consult specialists at Artemis Hospitals for emergency evaluation and care. The hospital’s departments of pulmonology, internal medicine, and paediatrics are equipped to manage all pollution-related respiratory and cardiac complications with advanced facilities and round-the-clock medical support.
Celebrate a Safe and Joyful Diwali with Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon
A healthy celebration is the most meaningful way to enjoy Diwali with loved ones. By making small changes such as avoiding firecrackers, staying indoors during peak pollution hours, and prioritising health, families can protect themselves from the harmful effects of smog and ensure the festival remains a time of joy, not discomfort.
Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, offers comprehensive care across specialties including pulmonology, internal medicine, obstetrics, and paediatrics to manage all pollution-related health concerns. From respiratory treatments and emergency support to preventive check-ups, the hospital provides expert, compassionate care backed by advanced medical technology.
Book an Appointment Today
Early consultation and preventive care can make a significant difference during the high-pollution season. To book an appointment with a specialist at Artemis Hospitals, call +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp+91 9800400498. Appointments can also be scheduled through the online patient portal or via the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How does Diwali air pollution affect children and older adults?
Children and seniors are more sensitive to air pollution due to developing or weakened respiratory systems. During Diwali, high levels of particulate matter can cause coughing, breathlessness, and asthma flare-ups. Timely check-ups at Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon help manage these symptoms effectively.
What precautions should pregnant women take during Diwali?
Pregnant women should stay indoors during peak pollution hours, use air purifiers, and wear N95 masks if stepping outside. It is advisable to schedule prenatal visits at Artemis Daffodils Maternity Hospital in Gurgaon to monitor maternal and foetal health during this period.
Can Diwali pollution worsen asthma or other respiratory problems?
Yes. Exposure to smoke and fine particulate matter can trigger asthma attacks and worsen chronic respiratory conditions such as COPD. People with such conditions should avoid outdoor exposure, use prescribed inhalers, and consult the Best Pulmonology Hospital in Gurgaon for timely medical care.
How can families reduce exposure to Diwali smoke and smog?
Families can limit outdoor activities, use air purifiers, and choose eco-friendly celebrations without firecrackers. Keeping windows closed during high-smog hours and maintaining indoor humidity levels can also reduce pollution exposure at home.
When should one seek emergency care for breathing problems during Diwali?
If someone experiences severe shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, or an asthma attack that does not improve with medication, immediate medical attention is necessary. Emergency services at Artemis Hospitals, Gurgaon, are equipped to handle such pollution-related emergencies round the clock.
Which hospital near me provides treatment for Diwali-related respiratory issues in Gurgaon?
Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon offers expert care for all pollution-related respiratory problems, including asthma, bronchitis, and COPD. The hospital’s Pulmonology and Internal Medicine departments provide diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care for both adults and children affected by Diwali pollution.
