Affecting people across all age groups, migraines are more than just severe headaches; they’re one of the most common yet often misunderstood health problems that can have a notable impact on daily life. In India, rising stress levels, long work hours, and lifestyle changes have made migraine attacks more frequent. The impact of migraine goes beyond physical discomfort, often disrupting work, family time, and overall well-being for those dealing with frequent migraine headaches. Understanding the causes and triggers of migraines, being aware of their warning signs, and seeking timely treatment are important steps to manage them effectively. To help, in this article, we will explain migraine headaches in detail, including their symptoms, causes, treatment options, and how expert care can bring lasting relief. Let’s begin.
What is a Migraine Headache?
A migraine is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent, often severe headaches, typically felt on one side of the head. Unlike regular headaches, migraines are usually accompanied by additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light, sound, or smells.
The term hemicrania (half-head pain) and megrim are older names sometimes used to describe migraine. These episodes can last anywhere from a few hours to several days and may occur with or without warning signs.
Simply put, migraines are not just “bad headaches” - they are a medical condition that can significantly affect quality of life if left untreated.
How is Migraine Headache Different From a Regular Headache?
While a regular headache usually causes mild to moderate pain that can be relieved with rest or over-the-counter medicine, a migraine is much more intense and disabling. Here are the main ways in which migraines is different from regular headaches:
- Pain intensity: Headaches cause dull or steady pain, whereas migraines bring severe, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head.
- Associated symptoms: Migraines are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances (aura), and extreme sensitivity to light, sound, or smells.
- Duration: A regular headache may last for a few hours, but migraine attacks can continue for several hours to days.
- Impact on life: Unlike simple headaches, migraines can interfere with daily activities, work, and social life, requiring medical management.
What are the Causes of Migraine?
The exact cause of migraine is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from changes in brain activity, nerve signals, and blood flow. Several direct factors can trigger a migraine attack, such as:
- Genetic and Neurological Factors: Migraines often run in families, and certain genes are linked to abnormal brain activity and pain sensitivity.
- Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in oestrogen, especially during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, are a common cause in women.
- Environmental Triggers: Bright lights, loud sounds, strong smells, weather changes, or altitude can set off migraines in some individuals.
- Food-Related Causes: Skipping meals, dehydration, excessive caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, or processed foods can provoke attacks.
Who is at Risk of Migraine Pain?
Migraines can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to experience them due to long-term predispositions and health factors. Here are some risk factors that increase the likelihood of experiencing migraine pain:
- Family History: A strong genetic link makes migraines more common in families where one or both parents are affected.
- Gender: Women are more prone to migraines because of hormonal changes throughout different life stages.
- Age Group: Migraines often begin in adolescence or early adulthood, with peak occurrence between the ages of 20 and 40.
- Pre-existing Health Conditions: People with depression, anxiety, epilepsy, or sleep disorders have a higher risk of developing migraines.
- Lifestyle Risks: Chronic stress, irregular routines, and sedentary habits can make individuals more prone to recurring headaches.
Types of Migraine Headache
Migraines can present in different forms, and recognising the type helps doctors provide targeted treatment. The main types include:
1. Migraine with Aura
Characterised by warning signs such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling sensations before the headache begins.
2. Migraine without Aura
The most common type, involving severe headache pain without any preceding sensory disturbances.
3. Chronic Migraine
When migraine attacks occur on 15 or more days a month for at least three months, leading to significant lifestyle disruption.
4. Vestibular Migraine
This type mainly affects balance, causing dizziness, vertigo, or unsteadiness, often with or without headache.
5. Hemiplegic Migraine
A rare but serious type where temporary weakness or paralysis occurs on one side of the body, resembling a stroke.
Migraine Symptoms and Warning Signs
Migraine attacks often develop in stages and may affect more than just the head. Symptoms can vary, but common warning signs include:
Common Physical Symptoms
- Intense, throbbing or pulsating headache, usually on one side
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sensitivity to light, sound, or strong smells
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
Neurological and Sensory Symptoms
- Visual disturbances (flashes of light, zigzag lines, blind spots) known as aura
- Tingling or numbness in the face, arms, or hands
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Speech difficulties in rare cases
Recognising these signs early allows patients to take preventive measures or begin treatment to reduce the severity of the attack.
Migraine Triggers
For people prone to migraines, certain factors can set off or worsen an attack. Recognising these triggers helps in managing and preventing frequent episodes.
Dietary Triggers
- Caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, and aged cheese
- Processed or packaged foods high in preservatives
- Skipping meals or dehydration
Stress and Sleep Patterns
- High emotional or physical stress
- Sudden relaxation after stress (weekend migraine effect)
- Irregular sleep routines, either too little or too much
Environmental Factors
- Bright lights, loud noises, or strong odours
- Weather changes, shifts in air pressure, or high altitude
- Prolonged screen exposure
Hormonal Fluctuations
- In women, hormonal changes linked to menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause often act as strong migraine triggers.
How Do Doctors Diagnose Migraine Headache?
There is no single test for migraine. Diagnosis is usually based on medical history, reported symptoms, and a physical examination. Doctors may also use specific tests to differentiate migraines from tension headaches, cluster headaches, or other medical issues. The diagnostic process usually involves these key assessments:
- Detailed history: Understanding headache frequency, duration, intensity, and associated symptoms.
- Neurological examination: Checking reflexes, muscle strength, vision, and coordination to exclude other neurological conditions.
- Imaging tests: MRI or CT scans may be advised if symptoms are unusual, sudden, or linked to other complications.
- Diagnostic criteria: Doctors often use international guidelines (such as ICHD) that define migraine based on symptom patterns.
Migraine Treatment and Management Options
Although there is no permanent cure for migraine, effective treatment can significantly reduce the severity and frequency of attacks. Doctors often recommend a combination of medication, lifestyle changes, and supportive therapies.
Medications
- Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescribed medicines to ease headache pain during attacks.
- Triptans and ergotamines: Drugs that specifically target migraine by narrowing blood vessels and blocking pain pathways.
- Preventive medicines: Beta-blockers, antidepressants, or anti-seizure drugs may be prescribed for frequent or severe cases.
Lifestyle and Preventive Strategies
- Maintaining regular sleep and meal schedules.
- Managing stress with relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, or breathing exercises.
- Keeping a migraine diary to identify and avoid personal triggers.
Supportive Therapies
- Physical therapy, acupuncture, and biofeedback can help manage symptoms.
- Participation in structured migraine management programmes may offer long-term relief.
5 Tips for Instant Migraine Relief
While long-term management is important, these quick measures can help reduce migraine pain during an attack:
- Rest in a quiet, dark room: Minimises sensitivity to light and sound.
- Apply a cold or warm compress: A cold pack on the forehead or warm towel on the neck can ease discomfort.
- Hydrate well: Drinking water can help if dehydration is a trigger.
- Practice deep breathing or relaxation exercises: Helps lower stress and calm the nervous system.
- Take prescribed medication promptly: Early use of doctor-recommended medicine often makes attacks shorter and less intense.
Effective Home Remedies for Migraines
In addition to medical treatment, certain home-based practices may help ease migraine symptoms and prevent frequent attacks, such as:
- Maintain regular sleep habits: Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day supports healthy brain function.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking sufficient water throughout the day reduces the risk of dehydration-related headaches.
- Follow a balanced diet: Eating fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while avoiding processed foods and known triggers helps control symptoms.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol: These can worsen migraines in many individuals.
- Practice yoga and meditation: Relaxation techniques reduce stress and muscle tension, which are common triggers.
- Use essential oils or herbal teas: Peppermint oil and ginger tea are often found to provide soothing effects for some people.
Note: These remedies work best when combined with a doctor’s treatment plan rather than as stand-alone solutions.
How Artemis Hospitals Helps in the Treatment of Migraine Headache
Artemis Hospitals provides comprehensive care for patients suffering from migraine, combining advanced diagnostics with personalised treatment plans. We offer:
Specialised Neurology Expertise
- Experienced neurologists skilled in diagnosing different types of migraine and tailoring therapies to individual needs.
- Multi-disciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychologists, and pain specialists for holistic care.
Advanced Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities
- State-of-the-art imaging and neurological assessment tools to rule out secondary causes of headache.
- Availability of modern treatment options, including preventive medications and non-invasive therapies.
Patient-Centred Care and Support
- Focus on long-term management through lifestyle counselling, rehabilitation programmes, and stress management guidance.
- Dedicated support to improve quality of life and reduce the burden of chronic migraine pain.
Book an Appointment Today
Migraines can be overwhelming, but timely diagnosis and expert care can prevent frequent attacks and improve quality of life. At Artemis Hospitals, patients receive specialised migraine treatment guided by expert neurologists and supported by advanced diagnostic facilities.
To book an appointment with a neurologist at Artemis Hospitals, call +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp at +91 980-040-0498. Appointments can also be scheduled through the online patient portal or via the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android.
Article By Dr. Vivek Barun
Sr. Consultant-Neurology & Epilepsy
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
Is migraine dangerous or life-threatening?
Most migraines are not life-threatening, but chronic or severe attacks can affect quality of life and may sometimes mimic more serious neurological conditions. Medical evaluation is important if symptoms are frequent or unusual.
What is the main cause of migraines?
The exact cause is not fully known, but migraines are linked to abnormal brain activity influenced by genetics, hormonal changes, and lifestyle triggers such as stress, diet, or sleep patterns.
What are the early warning signs of a migraine attack?
Common early signs include sensitivity to light and sound, mood changes, food cravings, neck stiffness, or visual disturbances such as flashing lights or zigzag patterns.
What foods should I avoid if I have migraines?
Processed meats, aged cheese, chocolate, alcohol, and foods high in preservatives or artificial sweeteners are common dietary triggers.
What are the 5 C's of migraines?
The 5 C’s often referred to in migraine care are: Cause, Characteristics, Complications, Co-morbidities, and Cure (management strategies).
What causes migraines in females?
Hormonal changes related to menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause are key contributors. Fluctuating oestrogen levels are a major trigger in women.
How to reduce migraine headaches instantly?
Resting in a quiet, dark room, staying hydrated, applying a cold compress, and taking prescribed medication at the earliest sign of attack can provide quick relief.
How to cure migraine permanently?
There is currently no permanent cure, but long-term management through medications, lifestyle changes, and avoiding triggers can significantly reduce frequency and severity.
Where can I find the best migraine doctor near me?
You can consult neurologists at reputed hospitals and specialised headache clinics. In Gurgaon, Artemis Hospitals has experienced migraine specialists offering personalised care.
Who is the best neurologist for migraine in Gurgaon?
Several qualified neurologists in Gurgaon treat migraines. At Artemis Hospitals, neurologists with expertise in headache disorders provide advanced, patient-focused treatment.
What are the best treatments available for migraine headaches near me?
Treatment options may include pain relievers, triptans, preventive medicines, and supportive therapies. Artemis Hospitals in Gurgaon provides a full spectrum of advanced treatment approaches.
Which hospital near me provides advanced migraine treatment?
Artemis Hospitals is among the leading centres in Gurgaon offering advanced migraine diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management programmes.
Does Artemis Hospital Gurgaon provide treatment for migraine headache?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals provides comprehensive care for migraine patients, including diagnosis, medication, counselling, and supportive therapies.
Can I book an appointment for migraine treatment at Artemis Hospital online?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals offers online appointment booking through its patient portal and mobile app, along with phone and WhatsApp support.
