Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) Treatment in Gurgaon, India
What is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
PCOD, or Polycystic Ovarian Disease, is a hormonal disorder where the ovaries produce an excess amount of androgens (male hormones), leading to the development of numerous small cysts. This imbalance affects the menstrual cycle and ovulation, typically during the reproductive years of the women. Understanding PCOD is crucial for both those diagnosed and their families.
PCOD is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women, affecting approximately 1 in 10 women worldwide. It commonly begins in women during their teens or early 20s, but it can also develop later in life. Understanding PCOD and recognizing the risk factors can help women take control of their health and seek the necessary treatment for a better quality of life.
PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a milder form of the condition where the ovaries contain small cysts, often linked to hormonal imbalances and irregular periods. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a more severe form of the condition, characterized by multiple cysts on the ovaries and a higher risk of complications like infertility, metabolic issues, and cardiovascular problems. While both conditions share similar symptoms, PCOS tends to have more serious long-term effects.
What are the Symptoms of PCOD?
The symptoms of PCOD can vary from person to person and often lead to a range of physical and emotional challenges that can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Identifying the symptoms of PCOD early on is crucial for effective management and treatment. Some of the most common signs include:
Increased androgen levels
Elevated androgen levels can cause hirsutism (excessive hair growth on the face, chest, and back), acne, and male-pattern baldness
Infrequent, prolonged, or unpredictable menstrual cycles are common due to hormonal imbalances affecting ovulation. Women may experience fewer than nine periods a year or no periods at all.
Difficulty getting pregnant
PCOD is a leading cause of infertility due to irregular ovulation.
Elevated androgen levels can cause hair thinning on the scalp.
Increased androgen levels often contribute to acne and oily skin, which can persist into adulthood
Many women with PCOD experience weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, due to insulin resistance.
What Causes Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
The exact cause of PCOD remains unclear, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors are considered significant risk factors. Identifying these PCOD causes is essential for management and prevention. Here are some risk factors that can progress PCOD:
A genetic predisposition can increase the risk of developing PCOD, especially if other women in the family have the condition.
Insulin Resistance & Lifestyle
Many women with PCOD have insulin resistance, meaning their bodies are less effective at using insulin. This can lead to increased insulin production, which triggers the ovaries to produce more androgens.
Chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role in the development of PCOD, worsening symptoms like weight gain and acne.
Obesity and excess fat, particularly abdominal fat, can exacerbate insulin resistance and worsen PCOD symptoms.
When to Consult a Gynaecologist for PCOD Treatment?
Consult a gynaecologist for PCOD treatment if you experience any of the following signs or symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications. Here are key signs when you should consider seeing a gynaecologist for PCOD treatment:
Irregular Menstrual Cycles
If you experience irregular periods, such as cycles that are too long, too short, or absent altogether, it could be a sign of PCOD. A gynaecologist can help assess the underlying causes and suggest appropriate treatment to regulate your menstrual cycles.
Difficulty Getting Pregnant
If you are struggling to conceive, PCOD could be a contributing factor, as it often leads to ovulation problems. If you've been trying to get pregnant for over six months without success, it's a good idea to consult a gynaecologist who specializes in fertility to explore treatment options.
Excessive Hair Growth or Thinning
Increased facial or body hair growth (hirsutism) and thinning of hair on the scalp are common symptoms of PCOD due to higher levels of male hormones (androgens). If these symptoms are persistent or bothersome, a gynaecologist can help manage them with medication or other treatments.
PCOD often leads to acne or oily skin due to hormonal imbalances. If you're experiencing persistent acne that doesn't improve with typical treatments, a gynaecologist may recommend specific medications or therapies to help control this symptom.
If you notice unexplained weight gain, particularly around your abdomen, and have difficulty losing weight despite diet and exercise, it could be related to PCOD and insulin resistance. A gynaecologist can provide guidance on managing weight through lifestyle changes or medications.
Painful or Prolonged Periods
Women with PCOD often experience pain during menstruation, sometimes accompanied by heavy or prolonged bleeding. If your menstrual cycles are causing significant discomfort or disruption to your daily life, a gynaecologist can suggest treatments to alleviate pain and regulate your cycles.
Mood Changes or Depression
PCOD can contribute to emotional symptoms such as mood swings, anxiety, or depression. If you're struggling with mental health issues related to PCOD, a gynaecologist can refer you to a mental health professional or suggest ways to manage emotional well-being alongside PCOD treatments.
Signs of Insulin Resistance
If you have a family history of diabetes, experience frequent fatigue, or have a large amount of abdominal fat, you may be at risk for insulin resistance, which is often associated with PCOD. Consulting a gynecologist can help assess your insulin levels and recommend lifestyle changes or medications to improve your insulin sensitivity.
Women with PCOD may be at a higher risk of miscarriage, especially if the condition is not well-managed. If you've had multiple miscarriages, it’s essential to consult a gynecologist to address potential underlying issues and explore fertility treatments if needed.
Suspected PCOD After Family History
If you have a family history of PCOD or other hormonal disorders, and you start noticing symptoms associated with the condition, it’s important to consult a gynecologist for early diagnosis and management.
How PCOD is Diagnosed?
Diagnosing PCOD involves a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, physical exams, and several diagnostic tests. PCOD diagnosis is usually done in case of irregular periods or no ovulation, presence of cysts in the ovaries, or there are signs of elevated male hormones. Early PCOD diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and management:
A physical exam helps identify signs like hirsutism or acanthosis nigricans (darkened skin patches), which are indicative of PCOD.
Blood tests measure hormone levels, including androgens, insulin, LH (luteinizing hormone), and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). These tests also help rule out other conditions like thyroid disorders.
This test is recommended to allow doctors to visualize the ovaries and detect cysts.
Treatment and Management of Polycystic Ovarian Disease
While there is no cure for PCOD, there are several methods that can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. These treatments aim to regulate hormones, improve insulin sensitivity, and address issues like infertility.
Medications for PCOD Management
Often used to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms like acne and excess hair growth.
A medication that helps improve insulin sensitivity and lower insulin levels, which can reduce PCOD symptoms.
Clomiphene and other fertility drugs are used to induce ovulation in women who are trying to conceive.
Anti-Androgen Medications
These medications, such as spironolactone, can help reduce excessive hair growth and acne.
Surgical Intervention for PCOD Management
In some cases, the doctor may recommend surgery, especially for women struggling with infertility:
A surgical procedure where small holes are made in the ovaries to reduce androgen production and promote ovulation.
Laparoscopic Surgery for Cysts
If cysts are large or causing pain, a doctor may suggest surgery to remove them, although this is rare and only considered in severe cases.
Lifestyle Modifications
Some women with PCOD symptoms may find relief through lifestyle modification and alternative treatments like acupuncture, herbal supplements (e.g., cinnamon, spearmint tea), and stress-reduction techniques.
A balanced diet rich in whole foods, and low in refined sugars and processed foods, can help manage weight, reduce insulin resistance, and regulate hormone levels. A PCOD-friendly diet often includes high-fibre foods, lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-GI (glycemic index) foods.
Regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercises (walking, running, cycling) and strength training, can help with weight management, improve insulin sensitivity, and alleviate other PCOD symptoms.
How Can I Prevent PCOD?
While Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) cannot be entirely prevented, certain lifestyle changes and habits can significantly reduce the risk of developing the condition or help manage its symptoms. Here are some effective tips to help prevent or reduce the severity of PCOD:
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Being overweight or obese increases the risk of insulin resistance, a major contributing factor to PCOD. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help regulate hormones and reduce the risk of developing PCOD.
Focus on a diet rich in whole foods, including vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats. Avoid processed foods, refined sugars, and high-GI foods, as these can worsen insulin resistance and contribute to weight gain. Include anti-inflammatory foods such as leafy greens, berries, nuts, and fatty fish to help reduce inflammation that may contribute to hormonal imbalances.
Regular physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or strength training, helps to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce abdominal fat, and regulate menstrual cycles. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. Exercise also helps reduce stress and improve overall hormonal health.
Chronic stress can disrupt hormonal balance and worsen PCOD symptoms. Practice stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in hobbies that help you relax and unwind.
Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Poor sleep can increase cortisol levels (the stress hormone) and disrupt metabolic processes, potentially worsening PCOD symptoms.
Limit the Use of Birth Control Pills (If Not Necessary)
While birth control pills are often prescribed to manage PCOD symptoms, long-term or unnecessary use may disrupt natural hormonal balance. If you're using birth control for PCOD, consult your doctor about the best approach and alternative options when appropriate.
Monitor and Manage Insulin Resistance
For women who are at risk of PCOD due to insulin resistance, managing blood sugar levels is crucial. Incorporate low-GI foods, such as whole grains, legumes, and vegetables, and avoid excessive sugar intake.
Consider consulting a healthcare professional to monitor insulin levels and explore the use of supplements like chromium or magnesium, which can improve insulin sensitivity.
Smoking can increase the risk of insulin resistance, hormone imbalances, and other complications associated with PCOD. If you're a smoker, quitting can help improve your overall health and reduce the risk of PCOD-related issues.
Regular Medical Check-ups
Regular visits to the gynaecologist can help monitor hormone levels, and detect any early signs of PCOD, for effective management strategies. Early detection allows for timely management and can prevent the condition from worsening.
Since PCOD can run in families, women with a family history of the condition may benefit from genetic counselling. This can help identify potential risks and adopt early preventive measures.
What are the Complications of Untreated PCOD?
If left untreated, PCOD can lead to several complications:
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Irregular periods can lead to heavy or prolonged bleeding.
Infertility or Hypertension
PCOD can cause difficulty in conceiving and increase the risk of high blood pressure.
Insulin resistance in PCOD increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Preterm Labor and Premature Birth
Women with PCOD are at a higher risk of preterm labor.
PCOD is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a condition that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and excess fat around the waist.
The emotional and psychological toll of dealing with PCOD can contribute to mental health challenges like depression and anxiety.
Women with PCOD are at a higher risk of developing sleep apnea due to obesity and hormonal imbalances.
The hormonal imbalance caused by PCOD increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
Women with PCOD may experience a higher risk of miscarriage, particularly if left untreated.
What is the Difference Between PCOD and PCOS?
PCOD and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) are terms often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference. PCOD refers to a condition where cysts develop on the ovaries, often due to an imbalance in hormones and insulin resistance. PCOS, on the other hand, is a more severe form of PCOD where multiple cysts are present, and the condition leads to more pronounced symptoms like infertility and severe metabolic issues.
Artemis Hospitals Provide Comprehensive PCOD Treatment in Gurgaon
PCOD is a serious condition that impacts the quality of life in women. It increases androgen levels and can progress the formation of ovarian cysts. If untreated, it can impact fertility in women. PCOD symptoms can impact everyday lifestyle causing sleeping problems and affecting mental health. Therefore, it is important to go for regular health checkups and keep in touch with the doctor for early intervention.
Our gynaecologists provide personalized care to each patient with PCOD symptoms to reduce the risk of further complications including infertility. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon has some of the best gynaecologists in India for PCOD treatment and management with excellent records.
To book an appointment with top gynaecologists at Artemis Hospitals, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9599285476. You can also schedule an appointment through our online patient portal or download and register on the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available for both iOS and Android devices.
Reviewed by Dr. Nidhi Rajotia (Goel)
Sr. Consultant - Obstetrics & Gynaecology
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
What age does PCOD start?
PCOD typically starts during puberty or in the late teens to early twenties.
Is PCOD treatable?
While PCOD is not curable, its symptoms can be managed effectively with lifestyle changes and medications.
How can you control PCOD?
PCOD can be managed through medications, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management.
Is PCOD the same as PCOS?
No, PCOD is a milder condition, while PCOS is a more severe form that can lead to more serious complications.
Does PCOD ever go away?
PCOD does not go away, but symptoms can be managed through treatment.
Can you be in menopause and have PCOD?
Yes, some women may continue to experience symptoms of PCOD even after menopause.
Can I get pregnant if I have PCOD?
Many women with PCOD can conceive with treatment, but it may be more difficult without medical assistance.
Can I prevent PCOD?
There’s no guaranteed way to prevent PCOD, but maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle can help reduce the risk.
What hormones affect PCOD?
Androgens (male hormones), insulin, and estrogen are primarily involved in the development of PCOD.
What is bilateral PCOD?
Bilateral Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) refers to PCOD that affects both the ovaries.
Can PCOD be cured naturally?
While there is no cure for PCOD, certain lifestyle changes, dietary restrictions, and regular exercise can help manage symptoms naturally.
What foods should be avoided with PCOD?
Doctors generally recommend avoiding processed sugars, refined carbs, and high-fat foods that can worsen insulin resistance.
Can PCOD cause infertility?
Yes, PCOD is one of the leading causes of infertility due to irregular ovulation.
