Feeling tired all the time, gaining or losing weight without reason, or feeling unusually anxious? These signs are not always about lifestyle or stress. They could be linked to a small but powerful gland in your neck called the thyroid. This is why World Thyroid Day matters.
World Thyroid Day is observed every year on 25 May to increase awareness about thyroid disorders and highlight the importance of early detection and proper treatment. In 2025, this day becomes even more important as thyroid-related problems continue to rise, especially in India.
What is World Thyroid Day
World Thyroid Day was launched to raise awareness about the vital role of the thyroid gland and promote early detection and treatment of thyroid-related disorders. Although small in size, the thyroid regulates essential body functions like metabolism, temperature, mood, heart rate, and growth. Millions worldwide suffer from thyroid disorders without knowing it, often mistaking symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, or anxiety for general stress. This day reminds us that thyroid health affects our entire body.
It encourages regular screenings, especially for women and older adults, and empowers people to prioritize their hormonal well-being. With the rise in thyroid-related conditions globally, World Thyroid Day also highlights the need for accessible diagnosis and affordable care. Governments, doctors, hospitals, and patient groups use this day to educate communities, debunk myths, and promote a healthier future. Early detection, timely treatment, and consistent follow-ups can help manage thyroid problems effectively. World Thyroid Day continues to bridge the gap between awareness and action across all populations.
Importance of Thyroid Awareness
In India, more than 42 million people are estimated to have thyroid disorders. The problem is that many individuals remain unaware of their condition. A delay in diagnosis can lead to serious complications like infertility, heart problems, and mental health issues. Regular screening, early detection, and lifestyle changes can make a huge difference in managing these disorders.
World Thyroid Day 2025 Theme
The theme for World Thyroid Day 2025 shines a spotlight on “Prevention and Early Detection of Thyroid Disorders”—a timely reminder that timely action can make a significant difference. This year’s focus emphasizes that while thyroid issues often go unnoticed in their early stages, they can be effectively managed or even prevented with better awareness, routine screening, and lifestyle modifications. The aim is to encourage individuals to take common symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, or neck swelling seriously and consult a doctor early on.
Early detection not only helps avoid complications but also improves the chances of effective treatment and a better quality of life. This theme also encourages healthcare professionals and public health workers to spread thyroid health education across communities. By empowering people to recognize warning signs and get tested, this year’s campaign hopes to reduce the burden of thyroid diseases and promote proactive health behavior. With the rise of digital tools and diagnostics, the theme also points toward a future where prevention is not just a possibility—but a priority.
Key Facts About the Thyroid Gland
Understanding the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland plays a vital role in maintaining your body’s overall health. Despite its small size, this butterfly-shaped gland in the neck influences major bodily functions through hormone production. Being aware of how it works and what can go wrong is essential for early detection and management of thyroid disorders.
Key Fact | Description |
Location & Shape | Located in the front of the neck; shaped like a butterfly |
Function | Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body temperature, and energy levels |
Prevalence | Thyroid disorders are more common in women, especially after pregnancy or menopause |
Diagnosis | Detected through a simple blood test measuring Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
Cause in India | Diets lacking or containing excess iodine are a major cause of thyroid issues |
What Are Common Types of Thyroid Disorders?
Goitre
Goitre refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which can occur when the thyroid is working harder to produce enough hormones. The most common cause of goitre is iodine deficiency, as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. In regions where iodine intake is low, goitre can develop as the thyroid tries to compensate for the lack of iodine.
Graves’ Disease
Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition in which the body mistakenly attacks the thyroid, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. This causes the body’s metabolism to speed up, resulting in symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased sweating, and anxiety. Graves' disease is one of the most common causes of hyperthyroidism.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is another autoimmune disease, but in this case, the immune system attacks the thyroid, leading to its gradual destruction. This results in hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, where the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones. Symptoms of Hashimoto’s disease include fatigue, weight gain, depression, and cold intolerance.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones, accelerating the body's metabolism. This can lead to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, sweating, tremors, and anxiety. Common causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves’ disease, toxic thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis.
Hypothyroidism
In contrast, hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormones. This slows down many of the body's processes, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, and sensitivity to cold. One of the most common causes of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, though it can also result from iodine deficiency or certain medications.
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare form of cancer, but its incidence has been increasing in recent years. This type of cancer typically begins in the thyroid cells and can cause lumps, changes in voice, and difficulty swallowing. Fortunately, thyroid cancer is often treatable with surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy, especially when caught early.
Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths or lumps that form within the thyroid gland. While many nodules are harmless and do not affect thyroid function, some can be cancerous. Most nodules, however, do not cause symptoms. When they do, they may lead to difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, or swelling in the neck. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, but further evaluation is needed to rule out cancer.
Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Symptoms | Description |
Unexplained Weight Gain or Loss | Sudden and unexplainable changes in weight, either increase or decrease. |
Swelling or Lump in the Neck | Noticeable enlargement or lumps in the neck area. |
Feeling Excessively Cold or Hot | Intolerance to temperature changes, feeling too cold or too hot. |
Mood Swings, Anxiety, or Depression | Changes in mood, heightened anxiety, or depressive feelings. |
Irregular Menstrual Cycles | Changes in the frequency or heaviness of menstrual periods in women. |
Thinning of Hair or Hair Fall | Noticeable hair thinning or excessive hair loss. |
Fatigue or Constant Tiredness | Persistent fatigue or feeling constantly tired, even after rest. |
Causes and Risk Factors of Thyroid Disorders
Several factors contribute to the development of thyroid disorders, ranging from autoimmune diseases to lifestyle and environmental factors. Understanding these causes can help in identifying at-risk individuals and preventing potential thyroid issues. The major causes and risks include:
Autoimmune Diseases (e.g., Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Graves’ Disease)
Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the immune system attacks the thyroid, leading to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). In Graves’ disease, the immune system stimulates the thyroid, causing hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Both are leading causes of thyroid dysfunction.
Side Effects of Certain Medications
Some medications can interfere with thyroid function, either causing an overactive or underactive thyroid. For example, lithium, often prescribed for bipolar disorder, can affect the thyroid and lead to hypothyroidism. Similarly, medications like amiodarone (used for heart conditions) can cause thyroid imbalances.
Being Female and Over the Age of Thirty
Women are more likely to experience thyroid problems compared to men, especially after the age of thirty. Hormonal changes that occur with aging, pregnancy, or menopause increase the risk of developing thyroid issues. Women are also more susceptible to autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves' disease.
Family History of Thyroid Conditions
Genetics play a crucial role in the development of thyroid disorders. Having a family member with thyroid problems increases the risk of developing similar issues. A family history of autoimmune diseases can also contribute to a higher likelihood of thyroid dysfunction.
Hormonal Changes (Puberty, Pregnancy, Menopause)
Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can significantly impact thyroid health. During pregnancy, the thyroid gland undergoes additional stress to meet the increased demands of hormone production. Menopause, on the other hand, often leads to changes in metabolism and thyroid function, increasing the risk of thyroid disorders in women.
Deficiency or Excess of Iodine in the Diet
Iodine is a crucial mineral required for the production of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in iodine can lead to goitre (enlarged thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism, particularly in areas where iodine is not commonly found in the diet. Conversely, an excess of iodine can also cause thyroid dysfunction, leading to hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis, particularly in people who are already predisposed to thyroid disease.
Radiation Exposure to the Neck or Head Area
Radiation exposure, particularly to the neck or head area, can damage the thyroid gland and increase the risk of developing thyroid disorders. This includes exposure from medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for cancers, or from environmental radiation. People who have had radiation treatments are at an increased risk of thyroid cancer and other thyroid-related issues later in life.
Treatment Options for Thyroid Disorders
Treatment for thyroid disorders varies based on the type, severity, and underlying cause of the condition. The goal is to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and manage symptoms effectively. Common treatment options include:
Hormone Replacement Therapy for Hypothyroidism
For individuals with hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid), the primary treatment is hormone replacement therapy. Medications such as levothyroxine, a synthetic form of thyroid hormone, are commonly prescribed to normalize hormone levels and alleviate symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
Anti-Thyroid Drugs for Hyperthyroidism
For individuals with hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), medications such as methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU) are used to block the production of thyroid hormones. These drugs help reduce excessive thyroid hormone levels, thereby alleviating symptoms like rapid heart rate, anxiety, and weight loss.
Lifestyle and Dietary Adjustments
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet can help manage thyroid health. Consuming iodine-rich foods (such as seafood, dairy, and iodized salt) can prevent iodine deficiency, which is a common cause of thyroid issues in certain regions. A balanced diet with proper nutrients supports thyroid function and overall health.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Radioactive iodine therapy is commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism, particularly in cases of Graves' disease or toxic thyroid nodules. The radioactive iodine is absorbed by the thyroid gland, where it helps shrink the overactive thyroid tissue, reducing hormone production. This treatment may eventually lead to hypothyroidism, which can be managed with hormone replacement therapy.
Surgery
In cases of thyroid cancer or large goitre that causes difficulty swallowing, breathing, or other complications, surgery may be necessary. A thyroidectomy involves the removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. Post-surgery, patients may require hormone replacement therapy to maintain normal thyroid function.
Recent Advances in Thyroid Disorder Management
New diagnostic tools and treatments are making thyroid care better than ever. Innovations include:
Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy for early diagnosis of thyroid nodules
Personalised medicine based on genetic testing
Use of mobile health apps for medication reminders and symptom tracking
Awareness campaigns supported by social media and community outreach
How the World Observes Thyroid Day
World Thyroid Day is observed globally through a variety of activities aimed at raising awareness about thyroid health. Health camps are organized in many regions, offering free thyroid test screenings to help individuals detect thyroid issues early. Experts also conduct talks and webinars to provide valuable information on thyroid conditions, their symptoms, and the importance of early detection.
Media campaigns play a vital role in educating the public about the signs of thyroid disorders and preventive measures. Additionally, patients who have successfully managed their thyroid conditions share their stories, offering inspiration and hope to others facing similar challenges. A visible symbol of support is the wearing of thyroid awareness ribbons, typically in pink, teal, and blue, which serve as a reminder to prioritize thyroid health and spread awareness. These collective efforts contribute to a greater understanding of thyroid disorders and encourage individuals to seek timely medical care.
World Thyroid Day 2025 reminds us that small signs like weight gain, fatigue, or mood changes can be linked to thyroid issues. With regular checkups and proper treatment, thyroid disorders can be managed effectively. It is time to spread thyroid health awareness and encourage others to take their symptoms seriously. Early action can protect your health and improve quality of life.
Article By Dr. Dheeraj Kapoor
Chief - Endocrinology
Artemis Hospitals
Frequently Asked Questions
When is World Thyroid Day 2025
It is observed on 25 May every year. In 2025, it falls on a Sunday.
How do thyroid disorders occur
They can result from autoimmune conditions, hormonal imbalances, or iodine deficiency.
What is the most common thyroid disorder
Hypothyroidism is the most common, especially in Indian women.
Can thyroid disorders be cured
Some forms can be treated permanently, while others like hypothyroidism require lifelong medication.
How do thyroid disorders affect daily life
They can impact energy levels, mood, metabolism, sleep, and even menstrual health.
Who is most at risk for developing thyroid problems
Women over the age of thirty, people with a family history, or those with autoimmune conditions are more at risk.
How does family history affect the risk of thyroid disease
If thyroid issues run in the family, your risk of developing them is higher.
What are the early warning signs of thyroid dysfunction
Fatigue, mood changes, neck swelling, weight fluctuations, and irregular periods are common signs.
What color ribbon represents thyroid awareness
Pink, teal, and blue ribbons are used to promote thyroid health awareness.
Do thyroid disorders affect memory and concentration
Yes, untreated thyroid disorders can lead to poor focus and memory problems, often referred to as brain fog.
