What is Parkinson's Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement, mood, sleep, and memory—impacting over 10 million people worldwide, including nearly one million in India. While it’s commonly seen in older adults, about 10–15% of cases occur in people under 50. The good news? With early diagnosis, the right medications, lifestyle changes, and ongoing support, many symptoms can be managed effectively, helping individuals maintain independence and quality of life. If you notice persistent tremors, stiffness, or mood changes in yourself or a loved one, it’s worth reaching out—timely care can make a world of difference.
Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Stage 1: Symptoms are mild and do not interfere with daily activities. Tremors and involuntary movements may appear on one side of the body.
Stage 2: Symptoms worsen, making daily activities more difficult. Movement problems, such as tremors, stiffness, and slow movement, affect both sides of the body. Walking, balancing, and posture may become problematic, and facial expressions may be reduced.
Stage 3: In this mid-stage, balance issues become more noticeable, leading to frequent falls. Movements become harder to control, making daily tasks more challenging, though the person can still live independently.
Stage 4: Independent living becomes almost impossible. Tasks such as eating, bathing, dressing, and sleeping require assistance. The person may still stand but needs support, such as a walker, to move around safely.
Stage 5: Symptoms become severe, making it difficult to stand or move without a wheelchair. The person is bedridden and requires round-the-clock care. Symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, loss of smell, constipation, memory problems, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and vision issues.
Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson’s can affect anyone, but it’s more common in people over 60. That said, it’s not just an “old age” issue—some people develop it in their 40s or even earlier. The condition starts slowly and gets worse over time. At first, changes might be small, like a slight tremor or feeling more tired than usual. But as it progresses, it can affect movement, speech, mood, and even memory. Everyone experiences it differently, and while it can’t be reversed, the right care and treatment can help manage it and keep life as active and independent as possible.
Movement Symptoms:
Rigidity (stiffness)
Bradykinesia (slow movement)
Tremors (uncontrolled shaking)
Problems with posture and balance
Difficulty walking and moving
Non-Movement Symptoms:
Cognitive problems (memory, reasoning, thinking difficulties)
Pain
Reduced appetite
Constipation
Vision problems
Mood changes (anxiety, irritability)
Sexual dysfunction
Loss of taste and smell
Diagnosis for Parkinson’s Disease
So, you or someone you know has been dealing with symptoms like shaky hands, stiffness, or slower movements, and the word Parkinson’s has come up. Naturally, it’s a little scary. But let’s break it down — starting with how doctors actually diagnose Parkinson’s disease.
There’s No Single Test — But That’s Okay
First things first: there’s no blood test or scan that can directly confirm Parkinson’s. Yep, it’s one of those tricky conditions. But don’t worry — doctors know what they’re doing. Instead of one test, they use a mix of:
Your medical history
A physical and neurological exam
How your symptoms behave over time
It’s kind of like putting together a puzzle. Each piece helps doctors see the full picture.
What About Brain Scans?
Doctors might also order imaging like:
Treatments for Parkinson's Disease
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but medications can help control symptoms, especially in the early stages.
Living with Parkinson's Disease
Living with Parkinson’s can be challenging, but many strategies can help improve quality of life. Finding a balance between managing daily life and planning for the future can be difficult. However, gaining the right knowledge at the right time can help.
Parkinson’s is a progressive disease, but each person experiences it differently. Keeping an open mind and adapting to changes can make a significant difference. By working closely with a healthcare team and making small adjustments, individuals can continue to enjoy their hobbies and maintain their lifestyle.
Raising Awareness for Parkinson’s Disease
World Parkinson’s Day, observed on April 11, spreads awareness and supports people living with Parkinson’s. It highlights their challenges, advocates for better care, and encourages research to understand the disease and find effective treatments.
History of World Parkinson’s Day
World Parkinson’s Day honors Dr. James Parkinson, who first described the disease in 1817. His work helped the world understand Parkinson’s, and his contributions are recognized every year on April 11. The red tulip symbolizes hope and unity for those fighting the disease.
Article By Dr. Mohit Anand
Consultant Neurologist & Movement Disorders
Artemis Hospitals
FAQs About Parkinson’s Disease
What causes Parkinson's?
It occurs when nerve cells in the brain stop producing enough dopamine, a chemical that controls movement. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and environmental factors may contribute.
When is World Parkinson’s Disease Day observed?
It is observed on April 11 every year to raise awareness and support those affected.
Why is World Parkinson’s Disease Day important?
It spreads awareness, supports people with Parkinson’s, and encourages research for better treatments and a cure.
Is Parkinson’s disease hereditary?
Most cases are not inherited, but some genetic mutations may increase the risk.
Is Parkinson’s disease fatal?
Parkinson’s itself is not fatal, but complications can be life-threatening.
Who is affected by Parkinson’s disease?
It mostly affects people over 60, but younger individuals can also develop early-onset Parkinson’s.
How is Parkinson’s disease diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose it based on symptoms, medical history, and neurological exams. There is no single test for Parkinson’s.
Is there a cure for Parkinson’s disease?
There is no cure yet, but treatments like medication, therapy, and sometimes surgery can help manage symptoms.
How does exercise help people with Parkinson’s?
Exercise improves balance, mobility, and overall well-being, slowing disease progression.
What lifestyle changes can help manage Parkinson’s disease?
Regular exercise, a healthy diet, good sleep, and stress management can improve quality of life.
Can diet affect Parkinson’s disease symptoms?
Yes, a balanced diet rich in fiber, antioxidants, and omega-3s may help manage symptoms and overall health.
