Ever felt out of breath for no clear reason? Or watched someone struggle with a wheezing cough that won’t go away? That’s often what asthma looks like—and it’s more common than you might think.
Asthma affects around 262 million people globally, according to the WHO, and causes over 455,000 deaths every year. In India alone, an estimated 34 million people are living with asthma—and sadly, many don’t even know it until it becomes severe.
World Asthma Day 2025, observed on Tuesday, May 6, is our yearly reminder that asthma deserves more attention, awareness, and compassion.
So, What is Asthma Anyway?
Let’s keep it simple: Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the airways in your lungs. When you’re exposed to something that irritates your lungs—like dust, smoke, pollen, or even stress—your airways tighten up, swell, and produce extra mucus. This makes it harder to breathe.
Common Symptoms Include
Asthma symptoms can creep in gradually and are often mistaken for fatigue, a lingering cold, or even just seasonal allergies. Being aware of the signs can help you catch it early and manage it better. Here are some common symptoms to look out for:
Shortness of breath – Feeling out of breath even during mild physical activity or while resting.
Wheezing or noisy breathing – A whistling sound when breathing, especially during exhalation.
A dry cough, especially at night – Persistent coughing that worsens at night or early morning.
Chest tightness – A feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest, sometimes mistaken for anxiety or stress.
These can range from mild to severe. But the good news? Asthma is manageable. With the right treatment and lifestyle, many people live completely normal lives.
Why Celebrate World Asthma Day?
Asthma often gets brushed off as ‘just a breathing problem’—but the impact is far bigger. The goal of World Asthma Day is to:
Raise awareness in communities
Educate families and schools
Promote early diagnosis and correct use of inhalers
Push for better healthcare access
Reduce stigma for those living with asthma
This year’s global message focuses on bridging gaps in asthma care, especially in countries like India, where access to treatment varies dramatically between urban and rural areas. And in Case You’re Wondering…Yes, there’s an asthma awareness ribbon, and it’s gray. Wearing one or sharing it online is a small but powerful gesture to show support.
How is Asthma Caused?
Asthma is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of asthma or allergies are more likely to develop it. Environmental triggers such as dust, pollen, air pollution, smoke, cold air, exercise, or respiratory infections can also play a major role. These triggers cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to asthma symptoms.
Asthma Diagnosis
Asthma is diagnosed based on a physical examination, medical history, and lung function tests. Spirometry is commonly used to measure how much air you can exhale and how quickly, helping doctors assess the severity and control of asthma.
Asthma in India: A Closer Look
Did you know India has one of the highest rates of asthma-related deaths in the world? According to The Lancet, India accounts for 42% of global asthma deaths, even though only 13% of the world’s asthma patients live here.
What’s Causing this Big Gap in India and Globally?
Low awareness
Incorrect use of inhalers
Poor air quality in cities
Limited access to pulmonologists in rural areas
Many people avoid treatment altogether because of stigma or misinformation. That’s exactly why awareness matters.
Can Asthma Be Prevented?
While we can’t always prevent asthma from developing, we can prevent flare-ups and attacks.
Here’s how:
Avoid known triggers like smoke, dust, strong perfumes, and allergens
Keep your home well-ventilated
Use air purifiers if possible
Don’t skip regular doctor visits
Take your preventer inhaler daily (if prescribed)
What Does Treatment of Asthma Look Like?
Asthma treatment is all about control. You may not be able to cure it, but you can live a healthy, active life with the right care.
Most people use a combination of:
Reliever inhalers (for sudden symptoms), Preventer inhalers (for long-term control),
Regular lung function tests, Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking or reducing pollution exposure for more severe cases, and biologic therapies (injections that target immune responses) are also available, -though usually under specialist care.
Real Talk: Common Myths About Asthma
Let’s clear a few things up:
Myth: Asthma is a childhood disease
Fact: Asthma isn’t a childhood disease—adults can develop it too. In fact, adult-onset asthma is quite common and may be more persistent. Adults need to recognize symptoms and get properly diagnosed to manage it effectively, even if they’ve never had asthma as a child.
Myth: You should stop exercising if you have asthma
Fact: Exercise is actually encouraged for people with asthma! With the right management and precautions—like using a prescribed inhaler before activity—physical activity can improve lung function and overall health. Avoiding exercise isn’t necessary and can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, which brings its own health risks.
Myth: Inhalers are addictive
Fact: Inhalers are not addictive. They are medically tested tools designed to deliver quick or long-term asthma relief. People may rely on them for symptom control, but that doesn’t mean they’re habit-forming. Inhalers are safe, effective, and essential for managing asthma when used correctly as prescribed.
Understanding these basics can help someone avoid fear or stigma.
Let's Keep the Conversation Going
If you take just one thing away from this blog, let it be this: Asthma is not something to hide or ignore. Whether it’s a coworker using an inhaler, a child struggling with a nighttime cough, or a loved one scared to talk about it—start the conversation. Encourage them to seek care. Share what you’ve learned.
Let’s Break the Myths and Breathe Easier Together
“This World Asthma Day 2025, let’s not just talk about asthma. Let’s listen, learn, and help more people live fuller, healthier lives—one breath at a time.”
Article By Dr. Shweta Bansal
Unit Head & Sr. Consultant - Respiratory/ Pulmonology & Sleep Medicine
Artemis Hospitals
FAQs: Things People Actually Ask
Let’s answer some everyday questions you might have (or hear from friends and family):
Can stress make asthma worse?
Yes, emotional stress can cause your airways to tighten. Practicing mindfulness, breathing exercises, or yoga can help reduce symptoms.
Is asthma contagious?
No, not at all. You can’t catch asthma from someone else. It’s a non-infectious, chronic condition.
How do I know if I have asthma or just allergies?
Asthma often includes chest tightness and breathlessness, especially during physical activity or at night. Allergies may include sneezing, itchy eyes, or skin rashes. Sometimes, the two overlap—so it’s best to talk to a doctor.
Can a child outgrow asthma?
Some kids do, especially if symptoms are mild. But for many, asthma stays through adulthood—though with good care, it can remain well-controlled.
What kind of doctor treats asthma?
A pulmonologist (lung specialist) is ideal, especially for long-term or severe asthma. But even general doctors can manage mild asthma with the right tools.
What should I do during an asthma attack?
Stay calm, sit upright, and use your reliever inhaler immediately. If there’s no relief in a few minutes or symptoms get worse, call emergency services right away.
Is Exercise Safe for People with Asthma?
Yes! In fact, regular exercise can help your lungs get stronger. You just need to warm up properly, use your inhaler as advised, and avoid outdoor workouts during heavy pollution days.
Many athletes—including Olympians—live with asthma. You just need to learn how to work with your condition, not against it.
